1Department of Research & Development, Wordvice Editing Service, Des Moines, IA, USA
2Department of Research & Development, Wordvice Editing Service, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2022 Korean Council of Science Editors
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Subject area | No. of sentences |
---|---|
Arts and humanities | 57 |
Biosciences | 54 |
Business and economics | 58 |
Computer science and mathematics | 60 |
Engineering and technology | 52 |
Medicine | 53 |
Physical sciences | 55 |
Social sciences | 56 |
JFLEG | 800 |
Total | 1,245 |
Correction method | Stylistic improvement |
Objective errors |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Fluency improvement | Vocabulary improvement | Determiner/article correction | Spelling correction | |
Human editing | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Wordvice AI Proofreader | Yes | Intermediate | Yes | Yes |
Google Docs | Yes | No | Intermediate | Yes |
Microsoft Word | No | No | Intermediate | Yes |
Subject area | Original sentence (%) | Wordvice AI Proofreader (%) | Google Docs (%) | Microsoft Word (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arts and humanities | 61.5 | 78.5 | 73.2 | 65.1 |
Biosciences | 62.6 | 75.7 | 68.5 | 64.9 |
Business and economics | 66.5 | 79.4 | 68.2 | 67.1 |
Computer science and mathematics | 65.1 | 74.5 | 71.5 | 66.5 |
Engineering and technology | 64.3 | 74.1 | 67.5 | 65.8 |
Medicine | 61.5 | 80.5 | 73.5 | 62.9 |
Physical sciences | 67.8 | 78.3 | 73.4 | 66.5 |
Social sciences | 65.8 | 78.1 | 71.5 | 68.5 |
Average | 64.4 | 77.4 | 70.9 | 65.9 |
Source of variation | Sum of squres | Degrees of freedom | Mean squres | F | P-value | F crit |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Between groups | 0.052960333 | 2 | 0.026480167 | 54.78317838 | 4.65E-09 | 3.466800112 |
Withing gropus | 0.010150625 | 21 | 0.000483363 | |||
Total | 0.063110958 | 23 |
Subject area | Wordvice AI Proofreader (%) | Google Docs (%) | Difference (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Arts and humanities | 78.5 | 72.2 | 6.3 |
Biosciences | 75.7 | 70.5 | 5.2 |
Business and economics | 79.4 | 69.8 | 9.6 |
Computer science and mathematics | 74.5 | 71.5 | 3.0 |
Engineering and technology | 74.1 | 68.5 | 5.6 |
Medicine | 80.5 | 73.5 | 7.0 |
Physical sciences | 77.2 | 73.4 | 3.8 |
Social sciences | 78.1 | 72.5 | 5.6 |
Subject area | Wordvice AI (%) | Microsoft Word (%) | Difference (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Arts and humanities | 78.5 | 65.1 | 13.4 |
Biosciences | 75.7 | 64.9 | 10.8 |
Business and economics | 79.4 | 67.1 | 12.3 |
Computer science and mathematics | 74.5 | 66.5 | 8.0 |
Engineering and technology | 74.1 | 65.8 | 8.3 |
Medicine | 80.5 | 62.9 | 17.6 |
Physical sciences | 77.2 | 66.5 | 10.7 |
Social sciences | 78.1 | 68.5 | 9.6 |
Fluency improvement | Sentence |
---|---|
Original (source text) | Scond, Menzied points that chinese ships in the 1400s used very distinctive anchors that were round stones with a hole in the middle. |
Human editing | Second, Menzied points out that chinese ships in the 1400s used very distinctive anchors that were round stones with a hole in the middle. |
Wordvice AI Proofreader | Second, Menzied points out that chinese ships in the 1400s used very distinctive anchors that were round stones with a hole in the middle. |
Google Doc | Scond, Menzied points out that chinese ships in the 1400s used very distinctive anchors that were round stones with a hole in the middle. |
Microsoft Word | Second, Menzies points those Chinese ships in the 1400s used very distinctive anchors that were round stones with a hole in the middle. |
Vocabulary improvement | Sentence |
---|---|
Original (source text) | Unfortunately in the most of the countries the functioning of the public transport is not perfecty organised. |
Human editing | Unfortunately in most countries, public transport is not perfectly organised. |
Wordvice AI Proofreader | Unfortunately, in most countries, the functioning of public transport is not completely organized. |
Google Doc | Unfortunately in most of the countries the functioning of the public transport is not perfectly organised. |
Microsoft Word | Unfortunately, in most of the countries the functioning of the public transport is not perfectly organized. |
Determiner/article correction | Sentence |
---|---|
Original (source text) | He said in other words that the more flouride may create damage in human body, specifically the bone. |
Human editing | He said, in other words, that the more fluoride may create damage to the human body, specifically the bones. |
Wordvice AI Proofreader | He said, in other words, that the more fluoride may create damage to the human body, specifically the bones. |
Google Doc | He said in other words that the more fluoride may create damage in the human body, specifically the bone. |
Microsoft Word | He said in other words that the more fluoride may create damage in human body, specifically the bone. |
Spelling correction | Sentence |
---|---|
Original (source text) | Lastly, for the economic reason, it is not beneficial becasue the cost of the equipment abd staff required to control fires is very expensive. |
Human editing | Lastly, for economic reasons, it is not beneficial because the cost of the equipment and staff required to control fires is very expensive. |
Wordvice AI Proofreader | Lastly, for economic reasons, it is not beneficial because the cost of the equipment and staff required to control fires is very expensive. |
Google Doc | Lastly, for economic reasons, it is not beneficial because the cost of the equipment and staff required to control fires is very expensive. |
Microsoft Word | Lastly, for the economic reason, it is not beneficial because the cost of the equipment and staff required to control fires is very expensive. |
JFLEG, JHU FLuency-Extended GUG.
Text marked in red denotes incorrect alterations to the input text; text marked in blue denotes correct alterations to the input text.
Text marked in red denotes incorrect alterations to the input text; text marked in blue denotes correct alterations to the input text; text marked in pink denotes a style edit to improve clarity or meaning.
Text marked in red denotes incorrect alterations to the input text; text marked in blue denotes correct alterations to the input text.
Text marked in red denotes incorrect alterations to the input text; text marked in blue denotes correct alterations to the input text.