Science Editing

Original Articles

Trends in scientific output on open science and open access (2015–2024): a bibliometric study: María del Pilar Castro Arellano, Jesús Enrique Quezada Castro; Received December 9, 2025 Accepted January 6, 2026 Published online February 24, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.398 [Epub ahead of print]

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
Open science is a phenomenon that promotes transparency and collaboration in knowledge generation. However, its adoption remains uneven, and the field is still undergoing consolidation. The objective of this bibliometric study was to map trends in scientific production related to open science and open access.
Methods
The PRISMA statement was applied, and predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to guide study selection. A total of 1,826 documents published between 2015 and 2024 were retrieved from the Scopus database. Data processing and analysis were conducted using the Biblioshiny interface.
Results
Scientific output demonstrated an annual growth rate of 24.1%. Articles, conference papers, and reviews were identified as the preferred publication formats. Canada, Italy, and the United States emerged as leading countries in the promotion of collaborative research networks. The most frequently occurring keywords included open science, open access, open data, data sharing, reproducibility, and scholarly communication. A thematic evolution was observed, shifting from an initial educational focus toward increased emphasis on technological applications.
Conclusion
Over the past decade, scientific output related to open science and open access has increased steadily and has been disseminated through multidisciplinary sources. This trend reflects the ongoing transformation of scientific communication and highlights opportunities for publishers to implement policies that support open knowledge dissemination. Publications appearing in Q1 Scopus journals demonstrated strong reliability in knowledge dissemination.

A two-stage registry-anchored approach for precision improvement in organization name recognition from PubMed affiliation strings: a validation study: Inmo Kang, Joonmo Park, Heesoo Jeong, Seyoung Chung, Changmin Jeon, Seongwuk Moon; Sci Ed. 2026;13(1):46-50. Published online February 9, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.396

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
Reliable bibliometric analysis requires the accurate linkage of heterogeneous affiliation strings to persistent organizational identifiers. Generic natural language processing tools frequently fail at this task because they tend to prioritize coverage rather than precision. This study evaluated whether anchoring an entity-linking model to the Research Organization Registry improved precision relative to generic tools.
Methods
We developed a conservative, two-stage model. First, using a normalized registry corpus, we applied rule-based exact matching with geographic validation. Second, selective fuzzy matching was applied only to the remaining nonmatched affiliations. We evaluated model performance against an off-the-shelf spaCy named entity recognition baseline using a manually adjudicated gold standard dataset derived from PubMed Digital Health records. Finally, we assessed the comparative advantage of our model using nonparametric paired comparison tests and bootstrap methods.
Results
Our two-stage approach achieved substantially higher precision (0.97) and recall (0.93) than both the generic baseline (precision, 0.75; recall, 0.47) and unconstrained fuzzy matching models (precision, 0.77; recall, 0.83). This balanced improvement in precision and recall resulted in the highest F1 score (0.95). The ablation study further confirmed that the “exact matching first” strategy was structurally necessary to prevent the inflation of false positives observed when unconstrained fuzzy matching was applied.
Conclusion
Anchoring entity resolution to a canonical registry using a tiered matching strategy substantially enhances the precision of institutional attribution. This approach provides a robust method for correcting metadata quality in editorial and repository workflows.

Standards, ethics, and digital systems in Indonesian scientific journal governance: a thematic analysis of policy documents: Irwansyah; Sci Ed. 2026;13(1):36-45. Published online February 2, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.394

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to analyze how government policies shape the governance of scientific journals in Indonesia through regulatory frameworks, quality assurance instruments, publication ethics, and digital systems that structure national journal management.
Methods
A thematic analysis was employed to examine policy documents, including laws and regulations, administrative policies, ethical codes, and operational guidelines governing scientific journals. Documents were systematically analyzed using a coding process to identify regulatory objectives, governance mechanisms, quality assurance instruments, publication ethics arrangements, and modes of policy implementation through digital systems.
Results
Scientific journals in Indonesia have been institutionalized as instruments of public governance rather than solely as platforms for academic communication. Journal governance is characterized by standardized accreditation, performance-based evaluation, integrated quality assurance, and administratively enforced publication ethics. Digital systems play a central role in translating regulatory standards into routine, data-driven practices, thereby enabling continuous monitoring, verification, and auditability.
Conclusion
Government policies have strengthened accountability, transparency, and systemic integration in Indonesian scientific publishing. At the same time, the consolidation of standards-based governance and digital oversight presents challenges in maintaining an appropriate balance between administrative compliance and the substantive epistemic quality of scientific publications.

Training Material

Introduction to generative artificial intelligence tools for academic article writing: Joon Seo Lim; Sci Ed. 2026;13(1):58-62. Published online February 2, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.393

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Abstract PDF

Since the advent of ChatGPT, researchers have rapidly adopted generative artificial intelligence (AI) for academic work, with monthly use reported by 69.4% of natural science researchers and 51.2% of medical researchers. This educational article surveys AI tools for literature search and trend analysis, study-oriented article organization, and manuscript drafting and editing, while emphasizing that these tools complement—not replace—critical reading and standard database searches. For discovery and mapping, Research Rabbit and Connected Papers visualize related papers through citation links or content similarity, while Consensus summarizes the direction and strength of evidence addressing a focused research question. Elicit and SciSpace can extract methods and conclusions into structured tabular summaries to support scoping and gap identification, and STORM can generate knowledge maps for topic exploration; Liner offers research agents to support hypothesis generation and literature review. To extend reference-management workflows, the article proposes downloading relevant PDFs, uploading them to a large language model, extracting predefined fields (e.g., design, participants, interventions, outcomes, key statistics, limitations, and DOI) into a CSV file, and importing the output into a Notion database for tagging and tracking reading status. For writing support, SciSpace and Liner provide outline generation, citation assistance, and peer review style checks, whereas Paperpal, Wordvice.ai, and DeepL focus on grammar, paraphrasing, and translation, and Scite contextualizes citations by identifying whether they are supporting or contrasting. Key cautions include manual verification of AI outputs, awareness of English-language bias, avoidance of reliance on a single tool, and protection of manuscript confidentiality; authors must disclose AI use and remain accountable for accuracy. When used judiciously, these tools can streamline screening, summarization, and revision without eroding scholarly judgment.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

How editors perceive the use of generative artificial intelligence in writing academic papers: a narrative review
Sun Huh
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2026; 69(2): 111. CrossRef

Original Articles

Open access adoption, quartile mobility, and publisher growth among Scopus-indexed journals in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and East Asia, 2015–2024: a bibliometric study: Eungi Kim, Da-Yeong Jeong, Seugki Lee; Sci Ed. 2026;13(1):29-35. Published online January 29, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.392

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study compared the growth, distribution, and publisher profiles of Scopus-indexed journals in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and East Asia between 2015 and 2024, with the aim of contrasting regional publishing patterns.
Methods
Journal data from the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) were analyzed for five ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand) and five East Asian countries (China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan). The analysis focused on quartile mobility, open access patterns, and publisher growth over the study period.
Results
Both regions exhibited growth in Scopus-indexed journals, although this growth followed distinct national trajectories. Within ASEAN, Indonesia recorded the most substantial increase, whereas China accounted for the largest expansion in East Asia. Although many newly indexed journals entered the lower quartiles, Indonesia emerged as ASEAN’s largest Q1 contributor by 2024, while China dominated Q1 growth in East Asia. Open access output increased at a faster rate in ASEAN than in East Asia. Publisher activity also diverged between regions: Indonesian university presses drove a large share of ASEAN’s growth, whereas major Chinese publishers accounted for a substantial proportion of journal expansion in East Asia.
Conclusion
Journal indexing growth across the five ASEAN and five East Asian countries examined reflects distinct institutional pathways, with differing national strategies shaping the development of indexed journals.

Patterns of scientific misconduct, time to retraction, and post-retraction citation in dental implantology from 2000 to 2024: a bibliometric study: Indumathi Sivakumar, Sivakumar Arunachalam, Praveen Gadde, Muaiyed Mahmoud Buzayan, Jitendra Sharan, Bindu Kamaraj; Sci Ed. 2026;13(1):22-28. Published online January 29, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.391

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study analyzed retracted publications in dental implantology research to identify reasons for retraction, characterize geographic and journal trends, quantify the time lag from publication to retraction, and assess the impact of retractions through post-retraction citation patterns.
Methods
A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EBSCO, Retraction Watch, and Google Scholar identified retracted dental implant–related articles published between 2000 and 2024. Seventy-eight retracted articles were included. Extracted data included article title, journal, authors’ country, publication date, retraction date, retraction notice text, stated reason for retraction, journal impact factor, total citations, and citations after retraction. Descriptive statistics were used. Multiple linear regression evaluated factors associated with time to retraction, and logistic regression evaluated factors associated with post-retraction citation.
Results
In the 78 identified articles, the most common reasons for retraction were image duplication or image-related discrepancies (53.8%) and data-related inaccuracies or unreliable data (23.1%). Spain accounted for the largest proportion of retracted articles (56.4%), and Clinical Oral Implants Research had the highest number of retractions. The mean time between publication and retraction was 4.44±3.70 years. Despite retraction, articles continued to be cited, receiving a mean of 6.89±8.26 citations after retraction. Logistic regression showed that the publication-to-retraction interval was the only significant predictor of post-retraction citation (odds ratio, 0.645; P=0.001).
Conclusion
Retractions in dental implantology research represent a serious threat to research integrity and highlight the risk of flawed evidence persisting in the literature. Enhanced editorial vigilance, rigorous research integrity training, and faster retraction protocols are essential to safeguard evidence-based dental practice.

Retraction patterns in Scopus-indexed publications from South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, Tunisia, and Morocco (2014–2023): a bibliometric analysis: Ridha Mhamdi; Sci Ed. 2026;13(1):4-13. Published online January 29, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.390

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study analyzed retraction patterns and regional nuances in the five African countries with the highest scientific output—South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, Tunisia, and Morocco—to inform integrity policies.
Methods
Retraction dynamics were examined using data from Scopus, SciVal, and the Retraction Watch Database.
Results
Substantial variation was observed in retraction rates, with Egypt showing an exceptionally high rate, nearly eight times that of South Africa, and reaching a peak of 35 retractions per 10,000 publications in 2022. This increase was strongly associated with collaborations with Saudi Arabia, as 75% of Egypt’s retractions involved co-authorship with Saudi researchers. Unreliable or fraudulent content remained the most common retraction reason across all countries, with paper mills and randomly generated content being major contributors. Although falsification and manipulation occurred, they were less frequent overall. Plagiarism was particularly prominent in research from Tunisia (29.6%) and Morocco (30.3%), while duplication was most common in research from Egypt (25.5%) and Morocco (24.2%). Fake peer review constituted a major problem in Tunisia (34.6%) and Egypt (31.1%). Authorship issues were most frequently observed in studies from Nigeria (19.0%) and Tunisia (21.0%), and ethical issues appeared to be relatively infrequent across the region. Retractions disproportionately affected Q1 and Q2 journals and spanned a wide range of disciplines, with medicine and engineering being the most impacted. Notably, retracted articles continue to accumulate citations after retraction, indicating persistent challenges in research integrity.
Conclusion
The findings underscore the need for strengthened research oversight and expanded ethics training to address the concerning retraction trends observed, particularly in Egypt and in collaborative research with Saudi Arabia.

Trends in publications on scientific misconduct from 2000 to 2024: a Scopus-based bibliometric study: Jesús Enrique Quezada Castro, María del Pilar Quezada Castro; Sci Ed. 2026;13(1):14-21. Published online January 29, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.389

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
Scientific research is intended to be a transparent and reproducible process. However, scientific misconduct distorts reality and presents fraudulent findings as truth. This bibliometric study aimed to map trends in scientific output and to identify the leading authors, journals, keywords, and documents addressing scientific misconduct between 2000 and 2024.
Methods
Scientific production indexed in the Scopus database was analyzed. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 3,536 documents were selected. The data were processed using Biblioshiny and Microsoft Excel.
Results
The annual growth rate of publications on scientific misconduct was estimated at 5.33%, with 2024 recording the highest number of indexed documents in Scopus. Collaboration networks were led by the United States, the United Kingdom, and China. The most frequently used keywords were research integrity and scientific misconduct. Retraction was identified as a key control mechanism adopted by journals to uphold research ethics.
Conclusion
Over the past 4 years, scientific output on scientific misconduct has increased, with Q1 Scopus journals playing a central role in establishing international standards for detecting and eliminating research fraud.

Training Material

A practical guide for responding to peer review: strategies for authors navigating the editorial process: Sameh Hany Emile; Sci Ed. 2026;13(1):55-57. Published online January 14, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.387

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Abstract PDF: Peer review is the cornerstone of scientific publishing, with its main objective being to enhance the quality and reliability of manuscripts. After an initial editorial review, meritorious manuscripts typically undergo external peer review, which assists editors in deciding whether to accept, reject, or request revisions. Authors must accurately interpret the type and extent of revisions requested—whether minor or major—and tailor their responses accordingly. A systematic approach is recommended, classifying comments as favorable, minor, or major, and addressing each with clarity, diligence, and appreciation. All responses should comply with the journal’s instructions and formatting guidelines. They should be concise, clear, and gender-neutral. When major revisions are requested, authors should balance the feasibility of completing the revisions against the likelihood of acceptance. If specific comments cannot be implemented or addressed, authors must provide well-reasoned explanations for refuting the reviewer’s requests. Special circumstances, such as unclear, rude, or ethically concerning comments, should be handled carefully, ideally with editorial guidance. Questions concerning data accuracy or study novelty must be addressed meticulously. A respectful, transparent, and well-organized response to reviewers ultimately increases the likelihood of manuscript acceptance.

Original Articles

Factors influencing authors’ intention to continue publishing in data journals: a cross-sectional survey: Seungeun Lee, Jihyun Kim; Sci Ed. 2025;12(2):183-189. Published online August 7, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.383

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
This study investigated the factors influencing data paper authors’ continuance intention to publish in data journals, drawing on the post-acceptance model and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. Based on these theoretical frameworks, four factors—perceived usefulness, satisfaction, effort expectancy, and social influence—were hypothesized to be associated with authors’ continuance intention.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed to authors who had published in eight data journals where data papers constituted more than 20% of all publications. In total, 453 responses were collected, resulting in a 6.2% response rate. Ordered logistic regression analysis was employed to identify significant influencing factors.
Results
The ordered logistic regression analysis indicated that satisfaction and perceived usefulness were positively associated with authors’ continuance intention, while effort expectancy was negatively associated. Among these, satisfaction with a data journal exerted the strongest influence on continuance intention.
Conclusion
These findings underscore the importance for data journal publishers to actively manage authors’ satisfaction throughout the submission and peer review processes. The identification of perceived usefulness as another significant factor suggests that funders and academic institutions should incentivize authors to publish in data journals. Authors who perceived that publishing in a data journal required excessive time were less likely to intend to publish there again. Training in research data management best practices, provided by academic libraries, may help reduce the time burden associated with data preparation and sharing.

Subject area mapping of Indonesian journals from GARUDA (Garba Rujukan Digital) and SINTA (Science Technology Index) databases: a descriptive study: Eko Didik Widianto, Hadiyanto, Teddy Mantoro, Arseto Satriyo Nugroho; Sci Ed. 2025;12(2):175-182. Published online August 7, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.382

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
Studies examining the subject coverage of journals within databases are crucial for scholars and researchers seeking appropriate venues for their articles. This study investigates the characteristics of Indonesian journals by subject area, as listed in GARUDA (Garba Rujukan Digital) and SINTA (Science Technology Index), the leading Indonesian journal databases, thereby addressing the need for mapping journal subject areas within a specific national context.
Methods
We employed web mining techniques to collect records from 26,726 journals listed in GARUDA and 13,522 accredited journals from SINTA. Four aspects were analyzed: the breadth of subjects covered by each journal, the number of journals in each subject area, relationships among covered subjects, and the top publisher with the largest number of journals.
Results
Most subject area information was available on both databases. Our analysis revealed that journals in GARUDA exhibited a broader range and coverage of subject areas than those in SINTA, with a median of two subjects per journal in GARUDA versus one in SINTA. Indonesian single-subject journals were predominantly focused on “education,” “social,” and “economy,” while multiarea journals most frequently combined subsets such as {“science,” “engineering”}, {“education,” “social”}, and {“education,” “social,” “humanities”}. Universitas Negeri Semarang, a higher education institution, emerged as a leading publisher with a diverse portfolio of journals across subject areas.
Conclusion
This study presents a subject area map of Indonesian journals and underscores the critical role of higher education institutions in publishing across all subject areas. The findings illustrate the diversity and interrelationships among journal subject areas, providing a foundation for future research on their influence on journal impact, author diversity, and interdisciplinary collaboration.

Scientific research trends of North Korea from 1976 to 2024: a Scopus-based bibliometric study: Dae Un Hong, Eunbin An, Junhyoung Kim, Jihoo Lim; Sci Ed. 2025;12(2):167-174. Published online August 7, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.381

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
This study presents a bibliometric analysis of research articles authored by North Korean researchers and indexed in Scopus between 1976 and 2024. By incorporating recent data, it updates previous findings and examines how developments such as COVID-19 border closures have affected domestic research activity and international collaboration.
Methods
Data were collected on June 15, 2025, using refined Scopus search parameters that addressed earlier limitations and improved the identification of records lacking country information. After data cleaning, the final dataset comprised 1,344 domestic articles and 1,210 internationally co-authored articles. These were analyzed by publication volume and institutional affiliation.
Results
The study compares trends before and after 2020, distinguishing between domestic and international research. It evaluates North Korea’s internal research capacity based on the number of contributing domestic authors and explores interinstitutional collaboration within the country. Major international partners were identified by analyzing co-author affiliations, with emphasis on China’s leading role. Additionally, network analysis was conducted to identify key countries involved in international collaboration and to visualize the centrality of cooperative institutions.
Conclusion
The findings reveal a marked increase in domestic publications in recent years, suggesting a shift toward greater self-reliance in response to external constraints such as the COVID-19 pandemic and international sanctions. The results also indicate steady enhancement of North Korea’s internal research capacity. Despite global isolation, international collaboration has remained relatively stable, partially sustained by long-standing partnerships with Chinese institutions. Based on these trends, continued growth in domestic research output and international engagement is anticipated.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Nuclear science in North Korea: a case study of the Journal of Kim Il-Sung university, 1982–2024
Dae Un Hong
Scientometrics.2026; 131(3): 1591. CrossRef

Physical activity and eye health: a bibliometric study: Sieun Park, Jiwoo Shin, Moonsung Choi, Seung Kyum Kim; Sci Ed. 2025;12(2):159-166. Published online August 5, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.377

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Eye health is a critical component of overall well-being. While genetic and clinical factors are important, lifestyle behaviors—particularly physical activity (PA)—have attracted growing attention for their role in promoting ocular health. We aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis to systematically map global research trends, collaboration networks, and thematic shifts concerning PA and eye health from 2000 to 2024.
Methods
The keywords “PA” and “eye” were searched across three academic databases, and the retrieved results were analyzed with a bibliometric tool to examine publication trends, country productivity, author collaboration networks, and co-occurring keywords.
Results
The analysis revealed a sharp increase in annual publication numbers after 2018. Researchers from Spain and Australia emerged as leading contributors. Three main clusters were identified via co-authorship analysis, with Hanssen H serving as a crucial connector. Highly cited papers predominantly focused on the physiological impact of PA on the eye, including intraocular pressure and retinal blood flow. Keyword analysis showed increasing interest in digital lifestyle factors within PA and eye health, such as “computer vision syndrome” and “screen time,” along with a shift toward interdisciplinary approaches integrating public health, ophthalmology, and physical education.
Conclusion
This study highlights the growing significance of PA in eye health research, underscoring the necessity for continued interdisciplinary investigation, personalized interventions, and public health strategies that integrate PA into eye care. These findings lay a foundation for future research targeting visual impairment prevention and the promotion of lifelong ocular well-being through PA.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Eye Care Research in Intensive Care Units: A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Trends
Cansu Polat Dünya, Natalie L. McEvoy, Nurten Özen
Nursing in Critical Care.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Training Material

The current state of ethics in relation to patents: Seryeong Kim, Jeong-Ju Yoo; Sci Ed. 2025;12(2):225-230. Published online August 5, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.376

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Abstract PDF: Patents are intended to incentivize innovation by granting inventors exclusive rights; however, in the biomedical sciences, they frequently intersect with ethical dilemmas involving public access, potential harms, and distributive justice. Legal frameworks, such as those in Korea and international treaties, prohibit patents on inventions that violate public health or morality. Nevertheless, identifying ethical risks at the application stage remains challenging. High-profile controversies, such as gene patenting (e.g., BRCA1/2 and CRISPR-Cas9) and embryonic stem cell patents, highlight divergent national standards and ongoing debates regarding the public domain status of genetic information and the permissibility of inventions derived from embryonic research. Mechanisms like compulsory licensing, exemplified during the COVID-19 pandemic, attempt to balance exclusive rights with urgent public needs, but these approaches have limitations. Despite the increasing importance of these concerns, internationally unified ethical guidelines for researchers, journal editors, and policymakers are lacking. We recommend the development of clearer ethical standards and practical frameworks to help stakeholders address the moral complexities of biomedical patents and to support responsible innovation and equitable access to life-saving technologies.

Original Articles

Prevalence of generative artificial intelligence guidance statements in the urology literature: a descriptive study: Mandy Hsu, Max S. Yudovich, Jay D. Raman; Sci Ed. 2025;12(2):138-142. Published online August 5, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.375

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
The adoption of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in medical literature has increased exponentially over the past 2 years. Many journals have introduced AI guidance statements for authors during the manuscript submission process. This study characterizes the extent and types of AI guidance statements among urology journals.
Methods
A total of 112 urology journals indexed on PubMed were identified. Each journal’s website was searched for the presence of an AI guidance statement. Specific aspects of AI guidance assessed included manuscript content generation, manuscript writing, and manuscript editing. Additional variables such as journal data, region, subspecialty, society affiliations, and impact factor were also collected.
Results
Of the total 112 urology journals, 61 (54.5%) had an AI guidance statement. Most journals with statements (n=58, 95.1%) permitted the use of AI for manuscript editing. A slightly smaller majority (n=53, 86.9%) explicitly allowed AI-assisted manuscript writing. No journals definitively prohibited AI use for manuscript editing. Twenty-three journals (37.7%) permitted AI-generated manuscript content, while 11 (18.0%) explicitly did not, and 27 (44.3%) were unclear regarding their stance. Among journals with any AI usage, 60 (98.4%) required a disclosure statement on AI use. Only one journal (1.6%) did not provide any guidance.
Conclusion
More than half of urology journals offer author guidance on the use of AI in manuscript submission. However, these instructions are not standardized across journals. As AI continues to permeate medical literature, the development of consensus policies is advisable.

Global research trends and thematic developments in artificial intelligence applications in medical education: a bibliometric study: Wang Bo, Dhakir Abbas Ali, Oyyappan Duraipandi; Sci Ed. 2025;12(2):143-151. Published online August 4, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.373

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming medical education through innovative methods in instruction, assessment, and simulation. This study systematically analyzes global research trends and thematic developments in AI applications within medical education.
Methods
A total of 732 English-language articles were identified in the Scopus database prior to April 10, 2025, using the keywords “medical education” and “artificial intelligence” within titles, abstracts, or keywords. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer to investigate publication trends, keyword co-occurrence, and citation coupling, complemented by cluster-based content analysis. Additional analyses included publication characteristics, regional distribution, author collaboration, and the evolution of core topics.
Results
Publication output increased markedly after 2018, reaching a peak in 2024. The United States, China, and the United Kingdom were leaders in research volume, while smaller nations such as Ireland and Singapore exhibited high citation impact. Author analysis demonstrated robust collaboration networks and a growing trend of interdisciplinary engagement. Keyword clustering revealed four primary themes: AI-driven simulation and training, intelligent assessment systems, personalized learning environments, and ethical and pedagogical considerations. The average year of keyword publication (2023–2024) underscores the recent acceleration of the field, particularly in generative AI and large language models.
Conclusion
The integration of AI in medical education is accelerating, characterized by thematic diversification and broader global participation. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the field’s intellectual landscape and highlights critical areas for future advancement, including curriculum reform, faculty development, and responsible AI integration to optimize educational outcomes and learner preparedness.

Trends, reasons, and implications of retracted articles in nutrition and dietetics from 1997 to 2023 in the Web of Science: a bibliometric study: Amrollah Shamsi, Hadi Emamat, Ting Wang, Zahra Safaei; Sci Ed. 2025;12(2):131-137. Published online August 4, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.372

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study analyzed retracted articles in nutrition and dietetics using bibliometric methods to identify their characteristics, trends, and reasons for retraction, thereby enhancing transparency and scientific credibility in the field.
Methods
A bibliometric study was conducted using the Web of Science database to extract retracted articles in nutrition and dietetics without time or language restrictions in November 2024. The search strategy targeted the categories “nutrition & dietetics” and “retracted publication.” Additional data on retraction reasons were collected from the Retraction Watch database. Author-level indicators (e.g., number of authors, countries) and document-level indicators (e.g., publication trends, citations, retraction reasons) were analyzed. VOSviewer was used for keyword co-occurrence analysis, and descriptive statistics provided quantitative insights.
Results
Between 1997 and 2023, 105 retracted articles were identified, authored by 523 researchers, and collectively cited 3,171 times. The United States and China led in the number of retractions (26.7% and 17.1%, respectively). Misconduct was the leading reason for retraction (87 articles, 82.9%), but 48 articles (45.7%) had no reason reported. Journals classified in the Q1 and Q2 categories accounted for most retractions, and 46.7% of the articles had funding. Keyword analysis revealed four clusters focused on public health, biomedical mechanisms, experimental research, and nutritional compounds.
Conclusion
Although the overall number of retracted articles in nutrition and dietetics remains limited, scientific misconduct and insufficiently reported retraction reasons present ongoing challenges to the integrity of the literature. Improved citation practices and greater transparency in retraction reporting are essential to protect public health and maintain scientific trust.

Retraction of global biomedical publications from 2014 to 2023 based on the Retraction Watch Database: a bibliometric study: Ao Xie, Wei Wang; Sci Ed. 2025;12(2):152-158. Published online August 1, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.374

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
Retractions occur predominantly in the biomedical field worldwide, posing direct and severe harm to humanity. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of retracted biomedical publications from 2014 to 2023 based on the Retraction Watch Database.
Methods
We retrieved records of global retracted publications in the fields of biology and medicine from 2014 to 2023. We analyzed the type, title/keywords, annual number, authors’ countries, journals, causes of retraction, and time to retraction for these papers.
Results
Our data show that the number of retracted papers in biology and medicine continued to increase from 2014 to 2023. The predominant type of retracted paper was the research article (69.0%), with “cancer” as the most frequent word in titles and keywords. The largest number of retracted papers originated from China (49.4%), followed by the United States (6.7%) and India (6.3%). Most journals with retracted papers were affiliated with Hindawi Publishing. The major causes of retraction included concerns related to study results, data, peer review, reference citation, ethical approval, and figures/images. There was a significant difference in time to retraction across the years from 2014 to 2023 (F=154.78, P<0.01). Additionally, the mean time to retraction decreased by 89.2 days per year from 2014 to 2023, and overall, the mean time to retraction showed a declining trend over these years (R2=0.947, P<0.05).
Conclusion
Biomedical societies should improve preventive mechanisms to address academic misconduct.

Trends in the use of positive words as a form of rhetorical spin in the titles and abstracts of 73,049 PubMed-indexed psychiatry articles: a bibliometric study: Joshua Wang; Sci Ed. 2025;12(2):124-130. Published online July 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.371

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
Overemphasizing or distorting a study’s findings through spin compromises the interpretation of research both within the academic community and among the public more broadly. However, large-scale analyses of the use of positive words as rhetorical spin in psychiatry have not yet been conducted.
Methods
Titles and abstracts from articles published in 26 top-quartile general psychiatry journals between 2005 and 2024 were analyzed. PubMed searches identified the annual number of articles containing at least one positive, neutral, or negative word from a predefined list associated with rhetorical spin. Separate analyses compared authorship teams with and without at least one affiliation from countries where English is the primary national language (e.g., Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, or the United States).
Results
Positive words were used more frequently over time (τ=0.947, two-sided P<0.00001), with a 1.97-fold increase in the proportion of abstracts containing positive rhetoric from 2005 (9.80%) to 2024 (19.27%). Authorship teams from English-speaking countries were significantly more likely to employ positive rhetoric (χ²=213.63, df=1, P<0.00001). Authors increasingly described their studies as “novel,” “unique,” “promising,” and “robust.”
Conclusion
Despite heightened awareness of its negative impact on scientific integrity, the use of rhetorical spin continues to grow within psychiatry. Greater efforts are necessary to promote intellectually humble and accurate reporting of research findings in psychiatric literature.

Article processing charge costs of open access articles indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection from 2019 to 2023 by publisher and country: a secondary publication: Youngim Jung, June Young Lee, Jungwoo Lee, Byoung-Goon An, Wan Jong Kim, Jinseo Park; Sci Ed. 2025;12(2):114-123. Published online July 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.370

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110 Download
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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
The open access (OA) movement has significantly improved access to academic content. However, the financial burden of article processing charges (APCs) and the lack of pricing transparency remain major concerns. This study aims to estimate APC costs by publisher and country, focusing on Korea, to inform policy decisions.
Methods
We combined datasets from ScholCommLab (2019–2023), KESLI (2018–2024), and Web of Science (WoS). These sources were merged by aligning APC data with WoS-indexed articles, adjusting for missing values and currency differences. The final dataset included over 4.4 million records, enabling detailed analysis of APC expenditures by publisher and country.
Results
From 2019 to 2023, global APC spending increased, with clear regional disparities. Italy showed the highest compound annual growth rate in APC costs at 34.17%, followed by moderate to high growth in Korea, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Korea and Italy allocated large proportions of APC spending to MDPI—38.71% and 37.53%, respectively—raising concerns about publisher dominance and potential quality issues. In contrast, Germany and the United Kingdom established national agreements aimed at controlling APC costs.
Conclusion
This study underscores the growing global burden of APCs and the need for cost-management strategies. Policymakers should consider targeted financial support and promote equitable publishing models. Adoption of the diamond OA model—which removes APCs for authors and provides free access to readers—offers a sustainable and inclusive path forward for academic publishing, addressing both financial and ethical challenges in the current OA landscape.

Citations

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A Study on Research Output Collection Strategies of Medical Library in Response to the Expansion of Open Access Publishing
Jeho Yi
Journal of Korean Medical Library Association.2025; 52(1): 48. CrossRef

Amount, cause, and citation frequency of retracted nursing publications from 1997 to 2024 in PubMed: a bibliometric study: Marlen Yessirkepov, Zhanat Togaibekova, Burhan Fatih Kocyigit, Ahmet Akyol; Sci Ed. 2025;12(2):109-113. Published online April 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.368

3,063 View
115 Download

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
Retraction provides an opportunity to correct the literature by restricting the spread of incomplete, erroneous, or biased information among the scientific community. This study aimed to delineate the features of retracted publications in the nursing field.
Methods
This literature investigation identified all retracted nursing papers in PubMed. It included information on each paper’s title, authors, publication date, retraction date, journal, article category, corresponding author’s nationality, and rationale for retraction. Citation statistics were acquired from Scopus.
Results
After excluding publications not relevant to the field, 457 papers remained for further analysis from an initial pool of 866. The earliest retracted article appeared in 2007 (n=3), with the peak occurring in 2023 (n=359). The three predominant countries were China (n=398), the United States (n=9), and Iran (n=7). The primary grounds for retraction were peer review issues (n=395), fraud (n=353), and ethical concerns (n=130). The retracted publications accumulated a total of 1,659 citations, averaging 3.63 per article, with 909 citations (1.99 per article) recorded after retraction.
Conclusion
This study highlights that retractions of nursing-related publications are frequently linked to peer review challenges, fraud, and ethical concerns. A disproportionate number of retracted articles originated from China. Comprehensive peer review, ethical oversight, and fraud prevention are needed to preserve the integrity of nursing research.

Case Study

Accessibility, language, discipline, and indexing status of university journals that use Open Journal Systems in Indonesia: a case study: Maria Lamury, John Willinsky; Sci Ed. 2025;12(2):190-196. Published online April 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.367

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83 Download
1 Web of Science
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF

This case study examines the characteristics of university journals in Indonesia on the country’s most used platform, Open Journal Systems (OJS), following a decade of rapid growth in scholarly publishing. A sample of 558 journals, published by 93 Indonesian universities, was analyzed with a focus on four main aspects: accessibility, language, academic discipline, and indexing status. Based on OJS Beacon data, 96.7% of the journals offer free public access without requiring a login. Among the 539 open access journals in the sample, 51.8% were published in Indonesian, 28.5% in English, and 16.3% were bilingual. The most common academic disciplines include commerce, management, tourism and service, and studies of human society. National indexing services reveal that 78.9% are listed in Garuda, 25.2% possess Arjuna accreditation, and only 5.4% are ranked as Science and Technology Index (SINTA) 1 or 2. While 95.7% are indexed in Google Scholar, only one journal is found in Scopus and none in Web of Science. These findings highlight the influence of government policies on open access publishing and underscore ongoing efforts to balance national language usage with global academic communication. This comprehensive analysis provides insights into the evolving landscape of scholarly communication in Indonesia and informs future policy developments and international collaboration.

Citations

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Standards, ethics, and digital systems in Indonesian scientific journal governance: a thematic analysis of policy documents
Irwansyah
Science Editing.2026; 13(1): 36. CrossRef

Original Articles

Evaluating North Korean academic medicine’s contributions to the international medical literature: a bibliometric study: Andrew Holzman, Yongbin Kim, Jaewoo Park, Douglas Rappaport; Sci Ed. 2025;12(2):96-102. Published online April 10, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.365

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115 Download
1 Web of Science
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Purpose
We analyzed the bibliometric characteristics of articles authored by individuals affiliated with North Korean medical education institutions indexed in PubMed, using an expanded search strategy to update prior studies.
Methods
Our search revealed both a significantly larger number of publications and a greater capacity for substantive research with international impact than previously reported. We reviewed 331 records, selecting 79 for inclusion. For each publication, we collected data regarding the involvement of North Korean patients as primary research subjects, research methods employed, international partnerships, study topics, the impact factor of the publishing journal, and the number of cross-referencing citations.
Results
We identified 10 publications presenting primary data from North Korean patients, 3 of which involved prospective, randomized clinical trials. North Korean authors frequently collaborated with international partners—primarily from China, though some partnerships involved institutions in Europe and North America—while 11 publications were authored solely by North Korean researchers. Surgery was the most common subject, appearing in 20 publications; however, these articles were cited infrequently (an average of 1.4 citations per publication). In contrast, research in dermatology and traditional medicine demonstrated higher impact (10 and 4.7 cross-citations, respectively).
Conclusion
Our study clarifies the network of partnerships between North Korean medical educators and international institutions. We propose that North Korea’s capacity to engage in research meeting international clinical science standards may be greater than previously acknowledged, particularly in the field of traditional medicine.

Citations

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Nuclear science in North Korea: a case study of the Journal of Kim Il-Sung university, 1982–2024
Dae Un Hong
Scientometrics.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Vietnamese researchers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding open access publishing: a cross-sectional study: Trung Thanh Nguyen, Ngoc Thi Bich Tran, Thai Binh An Nguyen, Huong Giang Bui, Hiep Hung Pham; Sci Ed. 2025;12(2):103-108. Published online April 2, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.364

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119 Download

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
This study aimed to explore Vietnamese researchers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding open access (OA) publishing.
Methods
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between May and July 2024, gathering responses from 238 Vietnamese researchers across diverse universities and disciplines. Descriptive statistical analyses were used to identify key trends in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among different demographic groups.
Results
Vietnamese researchers primarily acquired information about OA through websites and colleagues, with ScienceOpen, PLOS, and SSRN serving as the main sources. Although they valued OA for its accessibility and broad dissemination, they expressed concerns regarding high publication fees and the quality of OA journals—particularly issues related to peer review rigor and potential risks to academic reputation.
Conclusion
The findings indicate strong support for OA publishing among Vietnamese researchers, despite ongoing concerns about high costs, journal credibility, and insufficient institutional support. Strengthening funding models, institutional advocacy, and quality assurance mechanisms is essential for building trust in OA and fostering a more inclusive scholarly environment.

Case Study

The Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology’s number of articles and turnaround time before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study: Sang-Jun Kim; Sci Ed. 2025;12(1):50-56. Published online February 12, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.361

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72 Download

Abstract PDF: This case study investigated changes in research articles from the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) during the COVID-19 pandemic to share information with stakeholders in the research and publishing communities. Data on research published from 2017 to 2024 were collected by searching the database for the number of research articles indexed in Web of Science’s Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE), and then extracting the publication date of research articles from the KRIBB’s paper management system. After the number of WoS-SCIE research articles was scaled down by the corresponding number of KRIBB’s SCIE articles in 2017, we analyzed differences in the publication turnaround times of KRIBB’s research articles based on whether MDPI was involved. In both WoS-SCIE and KRIBB data, the impact of MDPI exhibited a clear decline in 2023, a trend that continued into 2024. Generally, KRIBB’s non-MDPI research articles were published more rapidly in high-frequency journals, journals with low impact factors, and for COVID-19–related topics; however, this difference gradually diminished. In 2023, there was a notable reversal from a decrease to an increase in publication speed following COVID-19, along with a narrowing of the gaps between different stages of publication. It remains uncertain whether this trend will continue. Collecting additional similar case studies could provide a more accurate understanding of the changes and trends in the article publishing industry during the COVID-19 period.

Original Article

Trends, causes, and collaboration patterns of retracted Taiwanese medical research: a bibliometric study: Joshua Wang; Sci Ed. 2025;12(1):35-42. Published online February 11, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.360

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
Retraction of published literature is an increasingly important mechanism for protecting the scholarly record in today’s accelerated publishing environment. Analyzing retracted articles offers unique insights into how research communities maintain academic integrity. Taiwan is a major contributor to global medical research and has sustained public and media interest in academic integrity. Yet, no comprehensive analysis of retractions involving Taiwan-affiliated authors has been conducted. This paper therefore aimed to systematically examine retractions in Taiwanese medical research.
Methods
Data extracted from both PubMed and the Retraction Watch Database were analyzed to determine the number of retracted articles and their reasons for retraction.
Results
In total, 181 retractions of medical research articles with at least one Taiwan-affiliated author were included in the analysis, with the number of retractions steadily increasing since the first retracted article was published in 1992. Taiwanese medical research has the 9th highest retraction rate among the top 21 countries in medical research publications (6.08 retractions per 10,000 publications). However, this rate is lower than those of other highly productive Asian countries, including China, Korea, Japan, and India. Fifty-eight (32.04%) of the retractions involved international collaboration, most commonly with authors affiliated with the United States and China. Over the past 33 years, the reasons for retraction have gradually shifted from plagiarism or data manipulation to compromised peer review systems, ethical issues, and authorship disputes.
Conclusion
The results reveal that retractions in Taiwanese medical research are evolving and distinct from those in neighboring regions. This finding highlights the need to examine Taiwanese medical researchers’ perspectives on academic integrity and current publishing trends.

Review

Key trends, challenges, and opportunities in scientific journal management between 2013 and 2023: a systematic review: Muhamad Nur Azmi Wahyudi, Ida Nugroho Saputro, Alhaura Nabighatul Ula, Cahyo Widodo; Sci Ed. 2025;12(1):12-19. Published online February 11, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.359

4,331 View
160 Download
3 Web of Science
2 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
Scientific journals play a pivotal role in disseminating research findings, validating methodologies, and promoting academic discourse. In the past decade, technological advancements, global collaborations, and evolving editorial policies have driven significant transformations in journal management. This systematic literature review investigated the key trends, challenges, and opportunities in scientific journal management between 2013 and 2023.
Methods
Utilizing a PRISMA-guided methodology, 26 peer-reviewed articles from the Scopus database were analyzed.
Results
The findings reveal five primary themes: (1) journal management systems and technological improvements; (2) editorial processes, policies, and best practices; (3) metrics, evaluation, and scientometrics; (4) case studies and implementation; and (5) ethical, social, and equity considerations. Technological innovations, such as artificial intelligence–driven tools, improved plagiarism detection systems, and semantic workflows, have improved operational efficiency. Editorial best practices and evaluation metrics have evolved to promote transparency, accountability, and research integrity. However, persistent challenges include financial sustainability, disparities in gender representation, and maintaining consistency in editorial quality.
Conclusion
This review underscores the importance of adaptive strategies and innovative frameworks in ensuring the long-term sustainability, accessibility, and impact of scholarly journals in a rapidly evolving academic publishing landscape.

Citations

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Irwansyah
Science Editing.2026; 13(1): 36. CrossRef
Financial Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review with Text Mining and Natural Language Processing
Eveling Sussety Balcazar-Paiva, Alexander Fernando Haro-Sarango, Juan Amilcar Villanueva-Calderón
International Journal of Financial Studies.2026; 14(3): 76. CrossRef

Original Article

Improving reviewer selection in Open Journal Systems using a Scopus search application programming interface in the Journal of Information System Engineering and Business Intelligence: Indra Kharisma Raharjana, Badrus Zaman, Oktavia Intifada Husna, Rizfi Ferdiansyah, Aretha Seno Putri, Fariska Dwi Kartika Sari; Sci Ed. 2025;12(1):20-27. Published online February 6, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.356

3,683 View
141 Download
1 Web of Science

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The peer review process is essential for maintaining the quality of scientific publications. However, identifying reviewers who possess the necessary expertise can be challenging. In Open Journal Systems (OJS), which is commonly utilized by journals, the most effective method of inviting reviewers is when they are already registered in the system. This study seeks to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the reviewer selection process to ensure high-quality peer reviews.
Methods
We introduced a process innovation to analyze users within OJS and obtain recommendations for potential reviewers possessing the relevant expertise for the manuscript under review. This study collected user data from OJS as potential reviewers and utilized information from the Scopus search application programming interface (API). We extracted authors’ data from the Scopus API to obtain their Scopus IDs, which were then used to scrape publication data of potential reviewers. The system matched the previous works of reviewers with the title and abstract of the manuscript using term frequency-inverse document frequency and cosine similarity algorithms.
Results
The system was evaluated by comparing its recommendations with the assessments made by the editorial team. This evaluation yielded precision, mean average precision, and mean reciprocal rank values of 0.47, 0.77, and 0.87, respectively.
Conclusion
The results clearly demonstrate the system’s ability to provide relevant reviewer recommendations. This system offers significant benefits by assisting editors in identifying suitable reviewer candidates from the existing user database in OJS, particularly for the evaluation of manuscripts.

Case Study

The promotion of university journals published by Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia, from 2018 to 2024: a descriptive study: Eko Didik Widianto, Hadiyanto, Teddy Mantoro, Raka Sindu Wardoyo; Sci Ed. 2025;12(1):43-49. Published online February 5, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.353

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108 Download
2 Web of Science
2 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

This study explores the promotion of university journals published by Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP), Indonesia, between 2018 and 2024. UNDIP managed 178 active journals spanning various subjects across 13 faculties. The analysis focused on four key indicators: the number of journals accredited by the Akreditasi Jurnal Nasional (ARJUNA), the accreditation grade in the Science and Technology Index (SINTA) database, the number of journals indexed in Scopus, and the number of abstract views and article downloads. Data collection involved searching literature databases, including SINTA and Scopus, and tracking hits and downloads on the web server. The findings indicate that the number of active journals increased from 136 in 2018 to 178 in 2024, with an average annual growth of 7 journals. The mentoring programs at UNDIP led to significant achievements in key performance indicators, with 106.5% of journals becoming accredited and 112.2% being indexed in Scopus. The annual growth rates for accredited and Scopus-indexed journals were 9.33 and 0.83, respectively. Additionally, the cumulative number of abstract views and article downloads increased by 47.14 million annually, attracting visitors from a broad range of countries. The mentoring programs and robust infrastructure at UNDIP have likely played crucial roles in enhancing the promotion and performance of the university’s journals, which are vital for journal promotion and the achievement of key performance indicators.

Citations

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Open access adoption, quartile mobility, and publisher growth among Scopus-indexed journals in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and East Asia, 2015–2024: a bibliometric study
Eungi Kim, Da-Yeong Jeong, Seugki Lee
Science Editing.2026; 13(1): 29. CrossRef
Standards, ethics, and digital systems in Indonesian scientific journal governance: a thematic analysis of policy documents
Irwansyah
Science Editing.2026; 13(1): 36. CrossRef

Original Article

Ethical guidelines for the use of generative artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence-assisted tools in scholarly publishing: a thematic analysis: Adéle da Veiga; Sci Ed. 2025;12(1):28-34. Published online February 5, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.352

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1,129 Download
7 Web of Science
8 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
This analysis aims to propose guidelines for artificial intelligence (AI) research ethics in scientific publications, intending to inform publishers and academic institutional policies in order to guide them toward a coherent and consistent approach to AI research ethics.
Methods
A literature-based thematic analysis was conducted. The study reviewed the publication policies of the top 10 journal publishers addressing the use of AI in scholarly publications as of October 2024. Thematic analysis using Atlas.ti identified themes and subthemes across the documents, which were consolidated into proposed research ethics guidelines for using generative AI and AI-assisted tools in scholarly publications.
Results
The analysis revealed inconsistencies among publishers’ policies on AI use in research and publications. AI-assisted tools for grammar and formatting are generally accepted, but positions vary regarding generative AI tools used in pre-writing and research methods. Key themes identified include author accountability, human oversight, recognized and unrecognized uses of AI tools, and the necessity for transparency in disclosing AI usage. All publishers agree that AI tools cannot be listed as authors. Concerns involve biases, quality and reliability issues, compliance with intellectual property rights, and limitations of AI detection tools.
Conclusion
The article highlights the significant knowledge gap and inconsistencies in guidelines for AI use in scientific research. There is an urgent need for unified ethical standards, and guidelines are proposed for distinguishing between the accepted use of AI-assisted tools and the cautious use of generative AI tools.

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“An Assistant in Your Pocket”: How Generative AI Shapes the Publishing Practices of Russian Postgraduate Students
E. A. Koval, S. G. Ushkin, O. N. Ageeva, N. V. Zhadunova
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Lluís Codina
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On Artificial Intelligence and the Transformation of Scientific Publishing
Ingri G. Camacho-Triana, Julian Arcila-Forero, José D. Gutierrez-Mendoza, Ian F. Guarnizo-Martinez, Lenin A. Bulla-Cruz, Sonia C. Mangones M.
Ingeniería e Investigación.2026; 45(3): e125615. CrossRef
Challenges and Risks of AI in Academic Writing Based on Student Perspectives
Louie Giray, Bench Fabros, Gerry Digo
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Policies and Guidelines for the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Latin American Journals Indexed in Scopus and Classified According to the Scimago Journal Rank (SJR)
Cristian Zahn-Muñoz, Patricio Viancos-González, Nancy Alarcón-Henríquez, Bastián Aravena-Niño, Ezequiel Martínez-Rojas
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Biomedical research publication in the age of artificial intelligence: Current prospects for balancing integrity and innovation
Vivek Kumar Bains, Ujjal K Bhawal
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The 2025 Landscape of Generative AI in Scholarly Writing and Publishing: A Scoping Review of Uses and Ethical Approaches
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Review

Bibliometric characteristics of retracted publications in pediatrics research: a systematic review: Zhi-Yi Yang, Li-Li Yang; Sci Ed. 2025;12(1):4-11. Published online December 11, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.351

3,343 View
147 Download

Abstract PDF: Purpose
In recent years, the number of retractions in biomedical literature has increased. Analyses of retracted publications can provide important information on the characteristics of retractions and may help reduce this trend. This study aimed to systematically analyze the time, source, citations, and reasons for retraction of pediatric research papers.
Methods
A systematic review of retracted articles related to pediatrics was performed in PubMed and Web of Science databases from their inception through December 31, 2023. Excluded from the review were articles unrelated to pediatric studies, conference proceedings, non-English articles, duplicates, and articles that could not be identified. The data extracted and analyzed included the title, publication year, retraction year, country, journal, impact factor, the party who raised the retraction, the reason for retraction, citation count, and the authors of the articles.
Results
The interval between publication and retraction ranged from 0 to 45 years, and the number of retracted papers peaked in 2023. China and the United States had the most retractions, and China had the highest rate of retraction. The proportion of retractions from China increased over time. Several journals published by Hindawi had many retractions compared to other journals. The most frequent reasons were publication issues, errors, and fraud/fabrication.
Conclusion
This study provides a comprehensive overview of retracted articles in pediatric research. Our findings suggest that it is important to scrutinize the process of research and publication, to identify and counter research misconduct, and to make the instructions, procedures, and outcomes of publication more transparent for researchers, publishers and regulators.

Training Material

A novel “conceive, design, implement, operate (CDIO)” framework for evaluating artificial intelligence–generated scholarly manuscripts: Aji Prasetya Wibawa, Anik Nur Handayani, Prananda Anugrah, Agung Bella Putra Utama; Sci Ed. 2025;12(1):70-75. Published online November 14, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.348

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114 Download
1 Web of Science
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF

This paper introduces a novel application of the “conceive, design, implement, operate (CDIO)” framework to improve the thoroughness and organization of academic editorial review processes. It demonstrates that the CDIO framework, originally applied to engineering education, can also be adapted for reviewing creative and interdisciplinary ideas. The adaptation of the CDIO framework for editorial review is already evident in scholarly publications, and this paper extends its application to include reviews of content produced by artificial intelligence (AI) platforms. The “conceive” stage focuses on developing clear research questions and objectives that align with the key moments of article conception. It ensures that content produced by AI begins with an ethical scientific foundation and maintains this integrity throughout the process. The “design” stage emphasizes maintaining scientific accuracy and clarity of presentation. It considers all critical manuscript design elements and incorporates methods to evaluate the originality and rationality of AI-generated data and analysis. The “implementation” stage is concerned with the effective communication of findings, providing insights into how the manuscript is perceived. It is crucial for data generation or tool usage involving AI. The “operate stage” involves analyzing the findings and their overall impact on the field, ensuring a comprehensive assessment from all perspectives when AI-generated content is integrated into academic discourse, which has broader implications. By applying the CDIO framework innovatively, this paper offers a systematic and comprehensive method for conducting editorial reviews. This ensures that manuscripts generated by AI are subjected to the same rigorous scrutiny as those authored by humans. This approach improves the quality, transparency, and reputation of scholarly publications. We examine each stage of the CDIO process, achieving uniformity and clarity, and providing a more precise evaluation of both traditional and AI-assisted academic research.

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Utilization of ChatGPT in educational environmental research: Assessing teachers’ evaluation skills on AI-generated data for educational environmental research
Maria Christoforaki, Evangelia Mavrikaki, Apostolia Galani
Journal of Teacher Development and Education.2025; 3(2): 120. CrossRef

Case Study

Mentorship program to elevate journal quality and rankings in Indonesia: a case study: Ferry Efendi, Hery Purnobasuki, Dessy Harisanty, Diyah Alinia Oktariningtias, Sarah Khairunnisa; Sci Ed. 2024;11(2):149-154. Published online August 20, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.344

4,574 View
147 Download
2 Web of Science
2 Crossref

Abstract PDF

This article explores the best practices of mentorship programs in all journals at Universitas Airlangga. The university has established a journal mentoring team, as mandated by the rector’s regulation, which is responsible for guiding journals through preparation, submission, management, policy, and overall quality improvement. A case study was conducted to explore the mentoring mechanisms at Universitas Airlangga. Mentors were selected from among experienced editors at the university, each with a distinguished background in managing their own journals. The mentorship program successfully led to the indexing of 14 journals in Scopus, one in Web of Science (WoS), 85 in the Science and Technology Index (SINTA), and 60 in Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). The strategies used can be shared with other universities to assist their journal editors. The mentorship program at Universitas Airlangga has significantly improved the quality and international visibility of its academic journals. This is evidenced by the successful indexing of numerous journals in prestigious databases including Scopus, WoS, SINTA, and DOAJ. The structured mentoring, clear targets, and comprehensive institutional support were instrumental in achieving these results. This model serves as a scalable best practice for other universities seeking to improve their journal quality and global standing.

Citations

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Standards, ethics, and digital systems in Indonesian scientific journal governance: a thematic analysis of policy documents
Irwansyah
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Review

Research ethics and issues regarding the use of ChatGPT-like artificial intelligence platforms by authors and reviewers: a narrative review: Sang-Jun Kim; Sci Ed. 2024;11(2):96-106. Published online August 20, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.343

36,374 View
1,541 Download
24 Web of Science
26 Crossref

Abstract PDF

While generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology has become increasingly competitive since OpenAI introduced ChatGPT, its widespread use poses significant ethical challenges in research. Excessive reliance on tools like ChatGPT may intensify ethical concerns in scholarly articles. Therefore, this article aims to provide a comprehensive narrative review of the ethical issues associated with using AI in academic writing and to inform researchers of current trends. Our methodology involved a detailed examination of literature on ChatGPT and related research trends. We conducted searches in major databases to identify additional relevant articles and cited literature, from which we collected and analyzed papers. We identified major issues from the literature, categorized into problems faced by authors using nonacademic AI platforms in writing and challenges related to the detection and acceptance of AI-generated content by reviewers and editors. We explored eight specific ethical problems highlighted by authors and reviewers and conducted a thorough review of five key topics in research ethics. Given that nonacademic AI platforms like ChatGPT often do not disclose their training data sources, there is a substantial risk of unattributed content and plagiarism. Therefore, researchers must verify the accuracy and authenticity of AI-generated content before incorporating it into their article, ensuring adherence to principles of research integrity and ethics, including avoidance of fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism.

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Adéle da Veiga
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Artificial intelligence-assisted academic writing: recommendations for ethical use
Adam Cheng, Aaron Calhoun, Gabriel Reedy
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Adam Cheng, Vikhashni Nagesh, Susan Eller, Vincent Grant, Yiqun Lin
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Sang-Jun Kim
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Jining Han, Yuying Yang, Geping Liu
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Jairo Buitrago-Ciro, Estela Morales Campos, César Leonardo Villamizar Romero
Investigación Bibliotecológica: archivonomía, bibliotecología e información.2025; 39(104): 111. CrossRef
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Jeong-Moo Lee
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Luz-M. Pereira-González, Andrea Basantes-Andrade, Miguel Naranjo-Toro, Mailevy Guia-Pereira
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Original Articles

Trends in scientific production in telecommunications (1981–2023): a bibliometric study: María del Pilar Castro Arellano, Guillermo Alexander Quezada Castro, María del Pilar Quezada Castro; Sci Ed. 2024;11(2):134-141. Published online August 20, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.342

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129 Download

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Telecommunications have evolved in response to technological advancements and regulatory changes established in law. There remains a research gap concerning universal access to communication rights, which can be addressed through a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature. This study aimed to identify trends in telecommunications research. Accordingly, it analyzed annual scientific output, determined the most representative journals, examined prevalent keywords, highlighted the most productive authors, and identified key articles in the field.
Methods
Scientific production was analyzed using the Scopus database. Documents published between 1981 and 2023 in English were included, while those not relevant to the study topic were excluded. A total of 237 documents were analyzed using the Biblioshiny interface and Microsoft Excel.
Results
Annual scientific output peaked in 2021, with an annual growth of 2.91%. The most representative journal was Telecommunications Policy. The consolidated keywords were “communication rights,” “public service media,” “media policy,” “regulation,” and “telecommunications.” The most productive authors were Amy Sanders and Pradip Thomas. The most cited article addressed the institutional foundations of telecommunications regulation.
Conclusion
There was evidence of growing scientific production in telecommunications, published in high-impact journals with an interdisciplinary approach. The main topics related to telecommunications were communication rights, regulation, and internet governance. Despite the presence of prolific authors, a need for greater collaboration in the formation of international research networks was identified.

Publications on COVID-19 and artificial intelligence: trends and lessons: Yeong Jae Kim, Yang Liu, Youngeun Kim, Ho Won Jang; Sci Ed. 2024;11(2):142-148. Published online August 20, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.338

4,364 View
88 Download
1 Web of Science
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study investigates shifts in scientific research focus, particularly the decline in COVID-19-related research and the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) publications.
Methods
We analyzed publication data from the Web of Science, comparing yearly publication counts for COVID-19 and AI research. The study also tracked changes in the impact factors of leading journals like Science and Nature, alongside those of top AI journals over the past decade. Additionally, we reviewed the top 10 most cited articles in 2021 from Science and Nature and the most influential AI publications from the past five years according to Google Scholar. The impact trends of the top 100 AI journals in computer science were also explored.
Results
The analysis reveals a noticeable decline in COVID-19 related publications as the pandemic urgency diminishes, contrasted with the continued rapid growth of AI research. Impact factors for prestigious journals have shifted, with AI journals increasingly dominating the academic landscape. The review of top-cited articles further emphasizes these trends.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate a significant shift in research priorities, with AI emerging as a dominant field poised to address future challenges, reflecting the evolving focus of the scientific community.

Citations

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Where did all the AI experts come from? They used to be virologists…
Yana Suchikova, Natalia Tsybuliak
AI & SOCIETY.2025; 40(7): 5579. CrossRef

How Spanish educational researchers used Twitter/X as a platform to promote the dissemination of scientific knowledge: a descriptive study: Elias Said-Hung, Sergio Arce-García, Daria Mottareale-Calvanese; Sci Ed. 2024;11(2):123-133. Published online June 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.336

17,200 View
97 Download

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
This study aimed to examine how educational researchers in Spain promoted the dissemination of scientific knowledge on Twitter/X as a platform and to contrast their approach with science influencers in the same country.
Methods
Accounts on the Twitter/X service belonging to 210 Spanish researchers were analyzed, and their 2016–2020 tweets were compared to those of 38 Twitter/X influencers. Text mining techniques, sentiment and emotion analysis, network analysis, and the Kardashian index (K-index) were used in the study.
Results
The results indicated a low academic presence of researchers (4.4%) on Twitter/X. The researchers shared 185,020 posts (38.7% original content and 61.3% retweets). A network analysis revealed low interconnectivity among researchers, with distinct clusters based on their interests or affiliations. The top influencers had strong connections with the news media. The researchers focused minimally on academic topics, while the influencers emphasized the dissemination of scientific findings. The impact of the researchers’ posts was minimal, with low K-index values, whereas the influencers had greater reach because of their follower base.
Conclusion
When using Twitter/X, the researchers had a minimal impact on the dissemination of scientific information because they published few original posts and relied instead on retweets unrelated to their academic or research activities. Consequently, the researchers did not use Twitter/X as a tool for scientific communication, which limited the potential for forming new connections beyond their existing social and academic networks. Promoting informal learning that encompasses diverse knowledge and learning levels is crucial to fostering greater engagement and collaboration.

Different scope of two applied biological chemistry journals as revealed by network analysis: a bibliometric study: Samyoung YU, Jihye Ahn, Moonsung Choi; Sci Ed. 2024;11(2):114-123. Published online June 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.335

4,333 View
93 Download

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The landscape of academic publishing is experiencing significant transformations, characterized by an increasing volume of research output and the growth of interdisciplinary studies. These developments pose complex challenges for editorial boards, necessitating advanced strategies for submission management and the maintenance of publication standards.
Methods
Utilizing network analysis, this study examined 1,865 articles from Applied Biological Chemistry and 1,081 articles from Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry, revealing distinct thematic and methodological orientations within these journals.
Results
Applied Biological Chemistry demonstrated a pronounced focus on extraction processes, while Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry focused more on fermentation techniques and enzymatic studies. This differentiation highlights the journals’ unique contributions to the field of applied life sciences and underscores the diversity within academic publishing.
Conclusion
The findings of this study not only shed light on the subtle distinctions between Applied Biological Chemistry and Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry but also emphasize the critical role of articulating the journal scope in detail in helping authors find the most suitable publication venues for their interdisciplinary research. By showcasing the utility of bibliometrics and network analysis, this research provides valuable insights for editorial boards to refine their management processes and for authors to navigate the complex landscape of academic publishing effectively, thereby enhancing the dissemination and impact of scholarly work.

Explosive increase and decrease in articles, citations, impact factor, and immediacy index during the COVID-19 pandemic: a bibliometric study: Sang-Jun Kim; Sci Ed. 2024;11(2):107-113. Published online June 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.334

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219 Download
5 Web of Science
6 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study investigated how Journal Citation Reports (JCR) metrics changed during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022), with the aim of sharing this information with stakeholders in the publishing community.
Methods
In total, 7,689 journals listed in the JCR-Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) from 2016 to 2022 were selected. Data were analyzed using pivot tables in Microsoft Excel. We calculated the compound annual growth rate to investigate changes in JCR-SCIE articles, citations, the journal impact factor, and the immediacy index during the COVID-19 period.
Results
A marked increase was noted in the number of articles and citations during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2022. This surge was primarily driven by a significant rise in COVID-19–related articles. Consequently, four JCR metrics exhibited a sharp increase in 2020, followed by an unusually steep decline in 2022. Articles, citations, and the journal impact factor reached their highest recorded levels in 2021, while the immediacy index saw its most significant growth and intense citation activity in 2020 before experiencing notable decreases in 2021 and 2022. Our findings indicate that there was an unprecedented and dramatic shift in these four JCR metrics during the COVID-19 period, with current trends suggesting a reversion to historical compound annual growth rate levels.
Conclusion
The journal publishing and scientific communities should consider these explosive changes when applying JCR metrics to evaluate articles and endeavor to mitigate the adverse effects of the unusual concentration of articles and citations during the COVID-19 period. These results constitute valuable information to be shared among researchers and stakeholders within the journal publishing community.

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Evolution of clinical evidence in third molar surgery: Insights from a bibliometric analysis
Kei-ichiro Miura, Shota Tsukimoto, Takuro Sanuki, Tomohiro Yamada, Shin-ichi Yamada
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology.2026; 38(3): 384. CrossRef
Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella Across Aquaculture, Seafood and Related Aquatic Environments: A Scoping Review With Exploratory Textual Analysis
Cristiane Coimbra de Paula, Yuri Duarte Porto, Vinícius Silva Castro, Érica do Carmo Dias Matos, Adelino Cunha‐Neto, Ricardo César Tavares Carvalho, Luciana Kimie Savay‐da‐Silva, Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza Figueiredo, Tathiana Ferguson Motheo
Reviews in Aquaculture.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
The Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology’s number of articles and turnaround time before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study
Sang-Jun Kim
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Trends in academic research on thirdhand smoke using bibliometric analysis
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Mental health during and after the COVID-19 pandemic – a longitudinal study over 42 months in five European countries
Irina Zrnić Novaković, Dean Ajduković, Marina Ajduković, Laura Kenntemich, Annett Lotzin, Ingo Schäfer, Xenia Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous, Eleftheria Evgeniou, Camila Borges, Margarida Figueiredo-Braga, Moritz Russo, Brigitte Lueger-Schuster
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Raju Vaishya, Karthikeyan P. Iyengar
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Training Material

ChatGPT for editors: enhancing efficiency and effectiveness: Yunhee Whang; Sci Ed. 2024;11(1):84-90. Published online February 20, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.332

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229 Download
7 Web of Science
3 Crossref

Abstract PDF

This tutorial examines how ChatGPT can assist journal editors in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of academic publishing. It highlights ChatGPT’s key characteristics, focusing on the use of “Custom instructions” to generate tailored responses and plugin integration for accessing up-to-date information. The tutorial presents practical advice and illustrative examples to demonstrate how editors can adeptly employ these features to improve their work practices. It covers the intricacies of developing advanced prompts and the application of zero-shot and few-shot prompting techniques across a range of editorial tasks, including literature reviews, training novice reviewers, and improving language quality. Furthermore, the tutorial addresses potential challenges inherent in using ChatGPT, which include a lack of precision and sensitivity to cultural nuances, the presence of biases, and a limited vocabulary in specialized fields, among others. The tutorial concludes by advocating for an integrated approach, combining ChatGPT’s technological advancements with the critical insight of human editors. This approach emphasizes that ChatGPT should be recognized not as a replacement for human judgment and expertise in editorial processes, but as a tool that plays a supportive and complementary role.

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The emergence of large language models as tools in literature reviews: a large language model-assisted systematic review
Dmitry Scherbakov, Nina Hubig, Vinita Jansari, Alexander Bakumenko, Leslie A Lenert
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Efficacy of AI-Text Detection Tools in Distinguishing Student-Produced, AI-Edited, and AI-Generated Essays
Jessie S. Barrot, Ma. Rita R. Aranda
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Jairo Buitrago-Ciro, Estela Morales Campos, César Leonardo Villamizar Romero
Investigación Bibliotecológica: archivonomía, bibliotecología e información.2025; 39(104): 111. CrossRef

Original Articles

Copyright policies of science and engineering open access journals indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded or Scopus, published by Korean academic societies: Dae Un Hong, Ju Yoen Lee; Sci Ed. 2024;11(1):62-72. Published online February 20, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.330; Correction in: Sci Ed 2025;12(1):89

7,091 View
171 Download
1 Web of Science
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This article explores the challenges related to copyright policies in the context of science and engineering open access (OA) journals based in Korea.
Methods
From Korea Citation Index (KCI)-listed science and engineering journals in English indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) or Scopus, 162 journals were identified as of January 10, 2024. Of these, 104 were published independently by Korean academic societies. All were open access. Data were collected from the KCI database and verified via each journal’s website. Discrepancies were resolved using the journal website information.
Results
The English-language science and engineering OA journals published independently by Korean academic societies typically exhibit three common characteristics regarding their copyright and licensing policies. First, authors are generally required to transfer their copyrights. Second, the Creative Commons (CC) license terms are predominantly BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), without providing authors the option to select alternative licensing terms. Third, the journals do not sufficiently protect the rights of the authors. From the analyses presented herein, it is evident that the current copyright and licensing policies of Korea’s English-language science and engineering OA journals lack a robust structure.
Conclusion
These policies need to be revised to allow authors to retain copyright and require them to consent for the CC license terms it adopts, in order to align with the common practice among OA journals. Furthermore, to better protect authors’ rights, it would be beneficial to permit authors to choose the specific terms of the CC license for their articles.

Citations

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Correction to “Copyright policies of science and engineering open access journals indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded or Scopus, published by Korean academic societies”

Science Editing.2025; 12(1): 89. CrossRef

Co-authorship network analysis of North Korean chemistry researchers based on issues of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering published from 2008 to 2022: a bibliometric study: Eunmi Park, Ho-Yeol Yoon; Sci Ed. 2024;11(1):38-43. Published online February 20, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.329

5,401 View
138 Download
1 Web of Science
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of North Korean domestic journals, using scientific quantification methodologies to identify prominent researchers and research areas within the field of chemistry.
Methods
Data were collected from the journal Chemistry and Chemical Engineering published in North Korea. Through an analysis of co-authorship relations and literature reviews of papers authored by researchers who were highly influential in research networks, core research areas were identified.
Results
The researcher with the highest number of publications in the given period was Yong-Chol Lee, with 31 publications, followed closely by Gyun Kim, who also demonstrated significant research activity. When focusing on the last 5 years, Myeong-Cheol Hong emerged as a prominent figure. Yong-Chol Lee has expertise across diverse fields of chemistry, including fine chemicals, biochemistry, and mineral materials. Gyun Kim, in contrast, is recognized for his in-depth knowledge of organics, enzymes, processes, catalysis, fine chemicals, and industrial chemistry. Myung-Cheol Hong’s research primarily centers around organic chemical synthesis within the fine chemical domain. All three researchers are making substantial contributions to the chemical industry.
Conclusion
The findings of this study provide valuable insights into research trends in the field of chemistry in North Korea and contribute to a broader understanding of the discipline’s internal knowledge structure within the global academic community. This research is anticipated to be especially useful for scholars who are analyzing bibliographic information pertaining to North Korea.

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Nuclear science in North Korea: a case study of the Journal of Kim Il-Sung university, 1982–2024
Dae Un Hong
Scientometrics.2026; 131(3): 1591. CrossRef

Adherence to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors–recommended gender equity policy in nursing journals listed in MEDLINE or PubMed Central: a descriptive study: Eun Jeong Ko, Geum Hee Jeong; Sci Ed. 2024;11(1):33-37. Published online February 20, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.328

5,120 View
107 Download
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The evolving landscape of nursing research emphasizes inclusive representation. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) has established guidelines to ensure the fair representation of various demographic variables, including age, sex, and ethnicity. This study aimed to evaluate the adherence of nursing journals indexed in MEDLINE or PubMed Central to the ICMJE’s directives on gender equity, given that journals indexed in MEDLINE and PubMed Central typically adhere to the ICMJE’s guidelines.
Methods
A descriptive literature review methodology was employed to analyze 160 nursing journals listed in two databases as of July 28, 2023. The website of each journal was searched, and the most recent original article from each was selected. These articles were then evaluated for their alignment with the ICMJE guidelines on gender equity. Descriptive statistics were applied to categorize and enumerate the cases.
Results
Of the articles reviewed from 160 journals, 115 dealt with human populations. Of these, 93 required a description of gender equity. Within this subset, 83 articles distinguished between the genders of human subjects. Gender-based interpretations were provided in 15 articles, while another 68 did not offer an interpretation of differences by gender. Among the 10 articles that did not delineate gender, only two provided a rationale for this omission.
Conclusion
Among recent articles published in the nursing journals indexed in MEDLINE and PubMed Central, only 16.1% presented clear gender analyses. These findings highlight the need for editors to strengthen their dedication to gender equity within their editorial policies.

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Academic journal website from the user’s perspective
A. V. Silnichaya, D. I. Trushkov, A. Volkova, M. S. Konyaev
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How authors select covariates in the multivariate analysis of cancer studies in 10 oncology journals in Korea: a descriptive study: Mi Ah Han, Hae Ran Kim, Sang Eun Yoon, Sun Mi Park, Boyoung Kim, Seo-Hee Kim, So-Yeong Kim; Sci Ed. 2024;11(1):26-32. Published online February 20, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.327

4,728 View
123 Download

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
Cancer is the leading cause of death in Korea, leading many investigators to focus on cancer research. We present the current practice of variable selection methods for multivariate analyses in cancer studies recently published in major oncology journals in Korea.
Methods
We included observational studies investigating associations between exposures and outcomes using multivariate analysis from 10 major oncology journals published in 2021 in KoreaMed, a Korean electronic database. Two reviewers independently and in duplicate performed the reference screening and data extraction. For each study included in this review, we collected important aspects of the variable selection methods in multivariate models, including the study characteristics, analytic methods, and covariate selection methods. The descriptive statistics of the data are presented.
Results
In total, 107 studies were included. None used prespecified covariate selection methods, and half of the studies did not provide enough information to classify covariate selection methods. Among the studies reporting selection methods, almost all studies only used data-driven methods, despite having study questions related to causality. The most commonly used method for variable selection was significance in the univariate model, with the outcome as the dependent variable.
Conclusion
Half of the included studies did not provide sufficient information to assess the variable selection method, and most used a limited data-driven method. We believe that the reporting of covariate selection methods requires improvement, and our results can be used to educate researchers, editors, and reviewers to increase the transparency and adequacy of covariate selection for multivariable analyses in observational studies.

Review

Influence of artificial intelligence and chatbots on research integrity and publication ethics: Payam Hosseinzadeh Kasani, Kee Hyun Cho, Jae-Won Jang, Cheol-Heui Yun; Sci Ed. 2024;11(1):12-25. Published online January 25, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.323

17,558 View
561 Download
15 Web of Science
17 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbots are rapidly supplanting human-derived scholarly work in the fast-paced digital age. This necessitates a re-evaluation of our traditional research and publication ethics, which is the focus of this article. We explore the ethical issues that arise when AI chatbots are employed in research and publication. We critically examine the attribution of academic work, strategies for preventing plagiarism, the trustworthiness of AI-generated content, and the integration of empathy into these systems. Current approaches to ethical education, in our opinion, fall short of appropriately addressing these problems. We propose comprehensive initiatives to tackle these emerging ethical concerns. This review also examines the limitations of current chatbot detectors, underscoring the necessity for more sophisticated technology to safeguard academic integrity. The incorporation of AI and chatbots into the research environment is set to transform the way we approach scholarly inquiries. However, our study emphasizes the importance of employing these tools ethically within research and academia. As we move forward, it is of the utmost importance to concentrate on creating robust, flexible strategies and establishing comprehensive regulations that effectively align these potential technological developments with stringent ethical standards. We believe that this is an essential measure to ensure that the advancement of AI chatbots significantly augments the value of scholarly research activities, including publications, rather than introducing potential ethical quandaries.

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Sara Dakhesh, Shahnaz Khademizadeh, Abdolhossein Farajpahlou, Hamid Farhadirad
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Original Article

Research trends on resilience related to nursing and patients: a bibliometric analysis: Sukwon Hahn, Young Mi Ryu; Sci Ed. 2024;11(1):44-54. Published online January 25, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.322

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
Resilience is an essential concept used to describe the ability to cope and adapt effectively in the face of loss, hardship, or adversity by patients, nurses, and nursing students. The purpose of this study was to identify research trends on resilience related to nursing and patients.
Methods
The Web of Science Core Collection database was searched on February 21, 2023, with the terms “resilienc*” in the title and “nurs* and “patient* in the topic. A total of 361 documents were extracted. A web-based analysis in R prepared using web-r.org was used to generate visualizations of publishing trends, journal ranks, authorship analysis, the most prolific nations, author collaboration patterns, a KeyWords Plus analysis, trend themes, and the most cited articles.
Results
Research reports on resilience related to nursing and patients were first published in 2007 and have shown a substantial increase since 2019, with more than 30 publications per year. The largest amount of related literature was published in the Journal of Nursing Management, and the Journal of Advanced Nursing included the largest number of citations. Rushton CH was the most prolific author, with six publications, and she was the author of the most cited study. The most productive country was the United States. The most frequently encountered KeyWords Plus terms were “burnout,” “stress,” and “health.”
Conclusion
The findings of this study can offer information to future researchers as well as the opportunity to conduct more novel studies on resilience in nursing.

Review

Trends in research on ChatGPT and adoption-related issues discussed in articles: a narrative review: Sang-Jun Kim; Sci Ed. 2024;11(1):3-11. Published online December 18, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.321

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398 Download
16 Web of Science
16 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

This review aims to provide guidance for those contemplating the use of ChatGPT, by sharing research trends and evaluation results discussed in various articles. For an objective and quantitative analysis, 1,105 articles published over a 7-month period, from December 2022 to June 2023, following the release of ChatGPT were collected. These articles were sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Additionally, 140 research articles were selected, including archived preprints and Korean articles, to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT. The analysis of research trends revealed that related communities are rapidly and actively responding: the educational community is redefining its directions, the copyright and patent community is monitoring lawsuits related to artificial intelligence creations, the government is establishing laws to regulate and prevent potential harm, the journal publishing community is setting standards for whether artificial intelligence can be considered an author, and the medical community is publishing numerous articles exploring the potential of ChatGPT to support medical experts. A comparative analysis of research articles on ChatGPT’s performance suggests that it could serve as a valuable assistant in human intellectual activities and academic processes. However, its practical application requires careful consideration to overcome certain limitations. Both the general public and researchers should assess the adoption of ChatGPT based on accurate information, such as that provided in this review.

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Original Articles

Impact factor surge in Korean medical journals during the COVID-19 era: a bibliometric study: Chansu Park, Sejin Park, Hyeonseok Seo, Janghyeog Oh, Dongryeong Kim, Junha Kang, Hanul Kang, Hyunsung Kang, Yaechan Kim, Mi Ah Han; Sci Ed. 2024;11(1):55-61. Published online December 18, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.320

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
The multiyear COVID-19 pandemic has affected the volume and speed of publications in scientific journals. This study evaluated trends in the impact measures of international medical journals published in Korea, including the journal impact factor (JIF).
Methods
We selected Science Citation Index Expanded journals with the country/region set to Korea and the academic category classified as “clinical medicine” in Journal Citation Reports. Trends in indicators such as the JIF and Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) were assessed for journals with JIF information from 2018 to 2022. Ratios and differences between the measures were calculated to determine the extent of the change.
Results
We identified 43 journals, and the average JIF of those journals increased from 2.33 in 2018 and 2.50 in 2019 to 3.45 in 2020 and 3.86 in 2021. Other measures, such as the 5-year JIF and JCI, steadily increased, and the proportion of gold open access journals also increased significantly. However, the JCI and Eigenfactor scores remained steady or showed relatively small increases. Furthermore, impact measures declined in 2022, including a JIF decrease to 3.55.
Conclusion
We presented trends in quantitative measurements for international medical journals in Korea, and found an overall increase. Journals need to maintain a rigorous publication process to improve the quality of their research and the research community needs to exercise caution when using quantitative measures to evaluate journals. Further research is required to examine the quantitative indicators of journals, including their publication policies, research topics, and long-term trends.

Citations

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Scientific Publication Speed of Korean Medical Journals during the COVID-19 Era
Hyeonseok Seo, Yaechan Kim, Dongryeong Kim, Hanul Kang, Chansu Park, Sejin Park, Junha Kang, Janghyeog Oh, Hyunsung Kang, Mi Ah Han
Healthcare Informatics Research.2024; 30(3): 277. CrossRef

Korean scholarly journal editors’ and publishers’ attitudes towards journal data sharing policies and data papers (2023): a survey-based descriptive study: Hyun Jun Yi, Youngim Jung, Hyekyong Hwang, Sung-Nam Cho; Sci Ed. 2023;10(2):141-148. Published online August 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.316

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
This study aimed to ascertain the attitudes of Korean scholarly journal editors and publishers toward research data sharing policies and the publication of data papers through a survey.
Methods
Between May 16 and June 16, 2023, a SurveyMonkey survey link was distributed to 388 societies, including 270 member societies of the Korean Council of Science Editors and 118 societies that used an e-submission system operated by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information. A total of 78 societies (20.1%) responded, from which 72 responses (18.6%) were analyzed after excluding invalid responses.
Results
Out of the representatives of 72 journals, 20 editors or publishers (27.8%) declared a data sharing policy. Those journals that did not have such a policy often expressed uncertainty about their future plans regarding this issue. A common concern was a potential decrease in manuscript submissions, primarily due to the increased workload this policy might impose on editors and manuscript editors. Four respondents (5.6%) had published data papers, with two of them including this as a publication type in their author guidelines. Concerns about copyright and data licensing were cited as drawbacks to publishing data papers. However, the expansion of publication types and the promotion of data reuse were viewed as benefits.
Conclusion
Korean scholarly journal editors’ and publishers’ attitudes toward data sharing policy and publishing data papers are not yet favorable. More training courses are needed to raise awareness of data sharing platforms and emphasize the need for research data sharing and data papers.

Case Study

Plagiarism detection in manuscripts submitted to the Journal of Surgical Sciences between 2020 and 2021: a case study: Florentina Mu?at, Dan Nicolae P?duraru, Alexandra Bolocan, Daniel Ion, Alexandru Constantinescu, Octavian Andronic; Sci Ed. 2023;10(2):149-153. Published online August 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.313

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: The aim of this study was to share our experience with plagiarism detection in manuscripts submitted to the Journal of Surgical Sciences, a Romania-based medical journal, between 2020 and 2021. We analyzed similarity score reports from 200 articles submitted consecutively for publication between 2020 and 2021 generated by PlagScan, a software tool for plagiarism detection. The similarity score ranged from 0% to 92.4%, and 45 articles presented scores over 25.0%. According to PlagScan’s results, more than half of the submitted articles had a similarity score of more than 10% and one-third of them had a similarity score above 20%. Among submitted manuscripts with a similarity score of less than 20%, a larger proportion of the original research and review manuscripts than case reports used more than 10 sources. All articles with a similarity score below 20% were evaluated qualitatively before the final decision of rejection.

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