Science Editing

Original Articles

Retraction patterns in Scopus-indexed publications from South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, Tunisia, and Morocco (2014–2023): a bibliometric analysis: Ridha Mhamdi; Sci Ed. 2026;13(1):4-13. Published online January 29, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.390

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study analyzed retraction patterns and regional nuances in the five African countries with the highest scientific output—South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, Tunisia, and Morocco—to inform integrity policies.
Methods
Retraction dynamics were examined using data from Scopus, SciVal, and the Retraction Watch Database.
Results
Substantial variation was observed in retraction rates, with Egypt showing an exceptionally high rate, nearly eight times that of South Africa, and reaching a peak of 35 retractions per 10,000 publications in 2022. This increase was strongly associated with collaborations with Saudi Arabia, as 75% of Egypt’s retractions involved co-authorship with Saudi researchers. Unreliable or fraudulent content remained the most common retraction reason across all countries, with paper mills and randomly generated content being major contributors. Although falsification and manipulation occurred, they were less frequent overall. Plagiarism was particularly prominent in research from Tunisia (29.6%) and Morocco (30.3%), while duplication was most common in research from Egypt (25.5%) and Morocco (24.2%). Fake peer review constituted a major problem in Tunisia (34.6%) and Egypt (31.1%). Authorship issues were most frequently observed in studies from Nigeria (19.0%) and Tunisia (21.0%), and ethical issues appeared to be relatively infrequent across the region. Retractions disproportionately affected Q1 and Q2 journals and spanned a wide range of disciplines, with medicine and engineering being the most impacted. Notably, retracted articles continue to accumulate citations after retraction, indicating persistent challenges in research integrity.
Conclusion
The findings underscore the need for strengthened research oversight and expanded ethics training to address the concerning retraction trends observed, particularly in Egypt and in collaborative research with Saudi Arabia.

Scientific research trends of North Korea from 1976 to 2024: a Scopus-based bibliometric study: Dae Un Hong, Eunbin An, Junhyoung Kim, Jihoo Lim; Sci Ed. 2025;12(2):167-174. Published online August 7, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.381

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Purpose
This study presents a bibliometric analysis of research articles authored by North Korean researchers and indexed in Scopus between 1976 and 2024. By incorporating recent data, it updates previous findings and examines how developments such as COVID-19 border closures have affected domestic research activity and international collaboration.
Methods
Data were collected on June 15, 2025, using refined Scopus search parameters that addressed earlier limitations and improved the identification of records lacking country information. After data cleaning, the final dataset comprised 1,344 domestic articles and 1,210 internationally co-authored articles. These were analyzed by publication volume and institutional affiliation.
Results
The study compares trends before and after 2020, distinguishing between domestic and international research. It evaluates North Korea’s internal research capacity based on the number of contributing domestic authors and explores interinstitutional collaboration within the country. Major international partners were identified by analyzing co-author affiliations, with emphasis on China’s leading role. Additionally, network analysis was conducted to identify key countries involved in international collaboration and to visualize the centrality of cooperative institutions.
Conclusion
The findings reveal a marked increase in domestic publications in recent years, suggesting a shift toward greater self-reliance in response to external constraints such as the COVID-19 pandemic and international sanctions. The results also indicate steady enhancement of North Korea’s internal research capacity. Despite global isolation, international collaboration has remained relatively stable, partially sustained by long-standing partnerships with Chinese institutions. Based on these trends, continued growth in domestic research output and international engagement is anticipated.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Nuclear science in North Korea: a case study of the Journal of Kim Il-Sung university, 1982–2024
Dae Un Hong
Scientometrics.2026; 131(3): 1591. CrossRef

Network analysis of scientific collaboration in North Korea: Hyung Wook Choi, Ye Jin Choi, Soon Kim; Sci Ed. 2019;6(1):25-34. Published online February 20, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.152

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8 Web of Science
8 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Purpose
Although North Korea invests in scientific research, few selected research results are published to international journals. However, the latest peaceful political developments around North Korea have increased concerns about how they will support international scientific cooperation. This study aims to analyze the scientific collaboration and intellectual structure of North Korean researchers.
Methods
We conducted a co-word analysis with author keywords and author names using the Web of Science records for 1976–2018 to observe the changes in research trends in North Korea. The structure of the median centrality of words and the parallel nearest neighbor clustering methods were used to visualize the results.
Results
The analysis of 55 final keywords confirms that the corresponding network is composed of 17 sub-clusters under four areas. As a result of the investigation of 56 final author names, the corresponding network is composed of 15 sub-clusters under four areas.
Conclusion
As more accurate information is needed about collaboration partners to ensure successful cooperation, this analysis result can support getting an overview of North Korea’s research community and their research network.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Nuclear science in North Korea: a case study of the Journal of Kim Il-Sung university, 1982–2024
Dae Un Hong
Scientometrics.2026; 131(3): 1591. CrossRef
Co-authorship network analysis of North Korean chemistry researchers based on issues of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering published from 2008 to 2022: a bibliometric study
Eunmi Park, Ho-Yeol Yoon
Science Editing.2024; 11(1): 38. CrossRef
Tracking North Korean economic transformation and trends in economic research
Justin V. Hastings, Haneol Lee
Asia and the Global Economy.2023; 3(1): 100050. CrossRef
Promotion to Top-Tier Journal and Development Strategy of the Annals of Laboratory Medicine for Strengthening its Leadership in the Medical Laboratory Technology Category: A Bibliometric Study
Sun Huh
Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2022; 42(3): 321. CrossRef
Mapping the development of North Korea's domestic nuclear research networks
Philip Baxter, Justin V. Hastings, Philseo Kim, Man‐Sung Yim
Review of Policy Research.2022; 39(2): 219. CrossRef
Document Network and Conceptual and Social Structures of Clinical Endoscopy from 2015 to July 2021 Based on the Web of Science Core Collection: A Bibliometric Study
Sun Huh
Clinical Endoscopy.2021; 54(5): 641. CrossRef
A critical examination of international research conducted by North Korean authors: Increasing trends of collaborative research between China and North Korea
Eungi Kim, Eun Sil Kim
Scientometrics.2020; 124(1): 429. CrossRef
Bibliometric analysis of research on the maize based on top papers during 2009-2019
Bao-Zhong Yuan, Jie Sun
COLLNET Journal of Scientometrics and Information Management.2020; 14(1): 75. CrossRef

Increasing number of authors per paper in Korean science and technology papers: Hyunju Jang, Kihong Kim, Sun Huh, Hyungsun Kim; Sci Ed. 2016;3(2):80-89. Published online August 20, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.70

16,863 View
209 Download
4 Web of Science
6 Crossref

Abstract PDF

We examined changes in the number of authors per paper for science and technology papers (agricultural sciences, engineering and technologies, medical sciences, and natural sciences) in Korea. We employed the Scopus database to examine the change in the number of authors in papers, which were published from 2000 to 2015 in the 234 Korean academic journals indexed on Scopus. We found that the global trend of growth in the number of authors per paper is evident in Korea as well. While there was little evidence of a correlation with the citation per paper, a positive correlation was found between with the field-weighted citation impact, another measure of a paper’s impact, in medical and natural science papers. In terms of the type of collaboration, we found that international collaboration papers had the highest number of authors, followed by national and institutional collaborations. The number of authors per paper was highest for those published in the top 10% journals by Source Normalized Impact per Paper, followed by Scopus-indexed journals, while papers published in Korea Citation Index had the lowest number of authors per paper. We propose that the rise in the number of authors per paper in Korean papers may be ascribed to many Korean research programs encouraging group research and the widespread availability of the internet, which has stimulated joint research efforts and encouraged international collaboration.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Trends in Authorship in American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and 100 Pharmaceutical Journals (2021–2024)
Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab, Abdullah Farasani, Zenat A. Khired, Ahmad Assiri, Abdelkhalig Hussein Elhilu, Waseem Hassan
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education.2026; : 101996. CrossRef
From Solo to Collaborative: The Global Increase in Neuroscience Authors Over Two Decades
Mariella Segreti, Ann Paul, Pierpaolo Pani, Aldo Genovesio, Emiliano Brunamonti
European Journal of Neuroscience.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of Research Performance and Trends in Environmental Science
Won-Gi Shin, Moon-Ki Park, Da-Hyeon Kim, Hyun-Ju Jang, Tae-Sun Min
Journal of Environmental Science International.2020; 29(3): 283. CrossRef
Already, But Not Yet: Ending Unethical Practices in Authorship
Young-Chul Jung
Psychiatry Investigation.2018; 15(4): 335. CrossRef
Comparison between Korean and foreign authors concerning the citation impact of Korean journals indexed in Scopus
Hyunju Jang, Ki Woo Chun, Hyungsun Kim
Science Editing.2018; 6(1): 47. CrossRef
Rapid growth of international collaboration from articles indexed in Scopus database by researchers in Korea from 2006 to 2015
Yeonok Chung, Kihong Kim
Science Editing.2017; 4(1): 18. CrossRef

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