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- Research ethics and issues regarding the use of ChatGPT-like artificial intelligence platforms by authors and reviewers: a narrative review
- Sang-Jun Kim
- Sci Ed. 2024;11(2):96-106. Published online August 20, 2024
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.343
- 1,268 View
- 107 Download
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Abstract
PDF - While generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology has become increasingly competitive since OpenAI introduced ChatGPT, its widespread use poses significant ethical challenges in research. Excessive reliance on tools like ChatGPT may intensify ethical concerns in scholarly articles. Therefore, this article aims to provide a comprehensive narrative review of the ethical issues associated with using AI in academic writing and to inform researchers of current trends. Our methodology involved a detailed examination of literature on ChatGPT and related research trends. We conducted searches in major databases to identify additional relevant articles and cited literature, from which we collected and analyzed papers. We identified major issues from the literature, categorized into problems faced by authors using nonacademic AI platforms in writing and challenges related to the detection and acceptance of AI-generated content by reviewers and editors. We explored eight specific ethical problems highlighted by authors and reviewers and conducted a thorough review of five key topics in research ethics. Given that nonacademic AI platforms like ChatGPT often do not disclose their training data sources, there is a substantial risk of unattributed content and plagiarism. Therefore, researchers must verify the accuracy and authenticity of AI-generated content before incorporating it into their article, ensuring adherence to principles of research integrity and ethics, including avoidance of fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism.
Original Article
- Explosive increase and decrease in articles, citations, impact factor, and immediacy index during the COVID-19 pandemic: a bibliometric study
- Sang-Jun Kim
- Sci Ed. 2024;11(2):107-113. Published online June 26, 2024
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.334
- 8,138 View
- 112 Download
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Abstract
PDF
- Purpose
This study investigated how Journal Citation Reports (JCR) metrics changed during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022), with the aim of sharing this information with stakeholders in the publishing community.
Methods
In total, 7,689 journals listed in the JCR-Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) from 2016 to 2022 were selected. Data were analyzed using pivot tables in Microsoft Excel. We calculated the compound annual growth rate to investigate changes in JCR-SCIE articles, citations, the journal impact factor, and the immediacy index during the COVID-19 period.
Results
A marked increase was noted in the number of articles and citations during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2022. This surge was primarily driven by a significant rise in COVID-19–related articles. Consequently, four JCR metrics exhibited a sharp increase in 2020, followed by an unusually steep decline in 2022. Articles, citations, and the journal impact factor reached their highest recorded levels in 2021, while the immediacy index saw its most significant growth and intense citation activity in 2020 before experiencing notable decreases in 2021 and 2022. Our findings indicate that there was an unprecedented and dramatic shift in these four JCR metrics during the COVID-19 period, with current trends suggesting a reversion to historical compound annual growth rate levels.
Conclusion
The journal publishing and scientific communities should consider these explosive changes when applying JCR metrics to evaluate articles and endeavor to mitigate the adverse effects of the unusual concentration of articles and citations during the COVID-19 period. These results constitute valuable information to be shared among researchers and stakeholders within the journal publishing community.
Review
- Trends in research on ChatGPT and adoption-related issues discussed in articles: a narrative review
- Sang-Jun Kim
- Sci Ed. 2024;11(1):3-11. Published online December 18, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.321
- 8,199 View
- 287 Download
- 3 Web of Science
- 4 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF
Supplementary Material - This review aims to provide guidance for those contemplating the use of ChatGPT, by sharing research trends and evaluation results discussed in various articles. For an objective and quantitative analysis, 1,105 articles published over a 7-month period, from December 2022 to June 2023, following the release of ChatGPT were collected. These articles were sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Additionally, 140 research articles were selected, including archived preprints and Korean articles, to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT. The analysis of research trends revealed that related communities are rapidly and actively responding: the educational community is redefining its directions, the copyright and patent community is monitoring lawsuits related to artificial intelligence creations, the government is establishing laws to regulate and prevent potential harm, the journal publishing community is setting standards for whether artificial intelligence can be considered an author, and the medical community is publishing numerous articles exploring the potential of ChatGPT to support medical experts. A comparative analysis of research articles on ChatGPT’s performance suggests that it could serve as a valuable assistant in human intellectual activities and academic processes. However, its practical application requires careful consideration to overcome certain limitations. Both the general public and researchers should assess the adoption of ChatGPT based on accurate information, such as that provided in this review.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- The emergence of generative artificial intelligence platforms in 2023, journal metrics, appreciation to reviewers and volunteers, and obituary
Sun Huh
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2024; 21: 9. CrossRef - Explosive increase and decrease in articles, citations, impact factor, and immediacy index during the COVID-19 pandemic: a bibliometric study
Sang-Jun Kim
Science Editing.2024; 11(2): 107. CrossRef - Research ethics and issues regarding the use of ChatGPT-like artificial intelligence platforms by authors and reviewers: a narrative review
Sang-Jun Kim
Science Editing.2024; 11(2): 96. CrossRef - Evaluating AI Excellence: A Comparative Analysis of Generative Models in Library and Information Science
Raiyan Bin Reza, Md. Rifat Mahmud, S.M. Zabed Ahmed
Science & Technology Libraries.2024; : 1. CrossRef
- The emergence of generative artificial intelligence platforms in 2023, journal metrics, appreciation to reviewers and volunteers, and obituary
Original Articles
- Publishing trends of journals and articles in Journal Citation Reports during the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study
- Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
- Sci Ed. 2023;10(1):78-86. Published online February 16, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.300
- 3,538 View
- 268 Download
- 3 Web of Science
- 3 Crossref
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Abstract
PDFSupplementary Material
- Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the changes that occurred in journal and article publishing during the noncontact period that started in 2020 due to COVID-19.
Methods
The integrated journal list in Journal Citation Reports (JCR) 2017–2021 and the search results of Web of Science were analyzed using pivot tables in Microsoft Excel. The articles, citations, impact factor (IF), publishers, open access (OA) status, and compound annual growth rate (CAGR) were investigated using the data.
Results
The CAGRs of articles, citations, and IFs in JCR journals increased throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the increase in OA articles was accompanied by a decreasing share of subscription articles. The top 20 journals in JCR-SCIE (Science Citation Index Expanded), based on the number of articles, accepted OA policies and showed a strong influence, accounting for 7% to 9% of all articles. MDPI and Frontiers were OA publishers included among the top 10 publishers. Large publishers maintained their competitiveness through mergers and acquisitions with OA publishers. Due to the rapid distribution of OA and early access articles as part of the international response to overcome COVID-19, the CAGRs of citations and IFs increased more than that of articles, and the publication and use of journal articles have become more active.
Conclusion
The publication and use trends in JCR journals analyzed herein will provide useful information for researchers’ selection of journals for article submission, analyses of research performance, and libraries’ journal subscription contracts. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Research ethics and issues regarding the use of ChatGPT-like artificial intelligence platforms by authors and reviewers: a narrative review
Sang-Jun Kim
Science Editing.2024; 11(2): 96. CrossRef - Explosive increase and decrease in articles, citations, impact factor, and immediacy index during the COVID-19 pandemic: a bibliometric study
Sang-Jun Kim
Science Editing.2024; 11(2): 107. CrossRef - Trends in research on ChatGPT and adoption-related issues discussed in articles: a narrative review
Sang-Jun Kim
Science Editing.2023; 11(1): 3. CrossRef
- Research ethics and issues regarding the use of ChatGPT-like artificial intelligence platforms by authors and reviewers: a narrative review
- Changes in article share and growth by publisher and access type in Journal Citation Reports 2016, 2018, and 2020
- Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
- Sci Ed. 2022;9(1):30-36. Published online February 20, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.260
- 5,385 View
- 285 Download
- 2 Web of Science
- 2 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF
- Purpose
This study explored changes in the journal publishing market by publisher and access type using the major journals that publish about 95% of Journal Citation Reports (JCR) articles.
Methods
From JCR 2016, 2018, and 2020, a unique journal list by publisher was created in Excel and used to analyze the compound annual growth rate by pivot tables. In total, 10,953 major JCR journals were analyzed, focusing on publisher type, open access (OA) status, and mega journals (publishing over 1,000 articles per year).
Results
Among the 19 publishers that published over 10,000 articles per year, in JCR 2020, six large publishers published 59.6% of the articles and 13 publishers 22.5%. The other publishers published 17.9%. Large and OA publishers increased their article share through leading mega journals, but the remaining publishers showed the opposite tendency. In JCR 2020, mega journals had a 26.5% article share and an excellent distribution in terms of the Journal Impact Factor quartile. Despite the high growth (22.6%) and share (26.0%) of OA articles, the natural growth of non-OA articles (7.3%) and total articles (10.7%) caused a rise in journal subscription fees. Articles, citations, the impact factor, and the immediacy index all increased gradually, and the compound annual growth rate of the average immediacy index was almost double than that of the average impact factor in JCR 2020.
Conclusion
The influence of OA publishers has grown under the dominance of large publishers, and mega journals may substantially change the journal market. Journal stakeholders should pay attention to these changes. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Publishing trends of journals and articles in Journal Citation Reports during the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study
Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
Science Editing.2023; 10(1): 78. CrossRef - Citation beneficiaries of discipline-specific mega-journals: who and how much
Jing Li, Qiushuang Long, Xiaoli Lu, Dengsheng Wu
Humanities and Social Sciences Communications.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
- Publishing trends of journals and articles in Journal Citation Reports during the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study
- Influence of open access journals on the research community in Journal Citation Reports
- Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
- Sci Ed. 2021;8(1):32-38. Published online February 20, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.227
- 10,675 View
- 162 Download
- 6 Web of Science
- 5 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF
- Purpose
The number of open access (OA) journals is rapidly increasing, and it is very important for librarians to understand the influence of OA journals on the research community. This study investigated the influence of the OA journals listed in Journal Citation Reports (JCR) based on various indicators.
Methods
The data for this study were prepared by combining the JCR 2014 to 2019 journal list with the number of hybrid OA articles obtained by searching the Web of Science. Each journal’s JCR indicators and article processing charge were added. The influence of OA journals was compared according to OA type, whether they were published by large publishers, and whether they were top gold OA journals.
Results
Gold OA journals remained weaker in terms of JCR indicators than hybrid journals. However, the top 20 gold OA journals, accounting for 27.0% of all OA articles in JCR 2014 to 2019, were superior in all JCR indicators. The top three OA publishers (MDPI, BioMed Central, and Public Library of Science) showed potential for development despite concerns regarding poor journals. The top three subscription publishers were very active in OA publishing, but their actual share of hybrid OA articles (Elsevier, 5.1%; Springer, 10.1%; and Wiley, 12.4% in JCR 2019) was still insufficient.
Conclusion
Some gold OA journals showed high competitiveness and even the possibility for development beyond traditional journals. The transition of subscription journals to hybrid journals was found to be at the early stage. In light of these findings, librarians should continue monitoring the influence of OA journals. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Publishing trends of journals and articles in Journal Citation Reports during the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study
Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
Science Editing.2023; 10(1): 78. CrossRef - A decade of changes in OA and non-OA journal publication and production
Eungi Kim, Madhu Sudhan Atteraya
Journal of Librarianship and Information Science.2023; : 096100062311797. CrossRef - Article processing charges for open access journal publishing: A review
Ángel Borrego
Learned Publishing.2023; 36(3): 359. CrossRef - Changes in article share and growth by publisher and access type in Journal Citation Reports 2016, 2018, and 2020
Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
Science Editing.2022; 9(1): 30. CrossRef - The Journal Citation Indicator has arrived for Emerging Sources Citation Index journals, including the Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, in June 2021
Sun Huh
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2021; 18: 20. CrossRef
- Publishing trends of journals and articles in Journal Citation Reports during the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study
- Open access status of journals and articles in Journal Citation Reports
- Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
- Sci Ed. 2021;8(1):26-31. Published online February 20, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.226
- 5,448 View
- 141 Download
- 4 Web of Science
- 5 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF
- Purpose
There is somewhat of a difference between understanding the open access (OA) concept and practicing it by stakeholders. OA articles are mainly published by gold and hybrid OA journals, but the OA status may be confusing depending on the target databases. This study investigated the OA status of journals and articles and evaluated the extent to which OA2020 (publishing 90% of articles as OA) was achieved.
Methods
This study collected OA data by combining 2014-2019 data from Journal Citation Reports at the journal level with Web of Science at the article level. Finally, 12,449 journals were analyzed focusing on gold and hybrid OA journals, and progress towards the goal of OA2020 was evaluated.
Results
Even though 80.4% of Journal Citation Reports journals were gold and hybrid OA journals, only 20.9% of the articles were OA (gold OA journals, 16.6%; hybrid journals, 4.3%). The compound annual growth rate of the total articles was 4.7%, that of OA articles was 16.4%, and that of subscription articles was only 1.7%. Among the subscription journals, 77.4% had shifted to become hybrid journals, but only 5.2% of their articles were OA. Therefore, the hybrid journals were at the very early stage of OA publishing.
Conclusion
Considerable progress must still be made to achieve the goal of OA2020. The influence of OA publishing will eventually expand and therefore, librarians should take interest in OA publishing for the library services. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Scientific publishing in the Republic of Macedonia analysed with artificial intelligence
Mirko Spiroski, Ivo Spiroski
Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences.2024; 3(1): 1. CrossRef - Publishing trends of journals and articles in Journal Citation Reports during the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study
Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
Science Editing.2023; 10(1): 78. CrossRef - Article processing charges for open access journal publishing: A review
Ángel Borrego
Learned Publishing.2023; 36(3): 359. CrossRef - Changes in article share and growth by publisher and access type in Journal Citation Reports 2016, 2018, and 2020
Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
Science Editing.2022; 9(1): 30. CrossRef - Influence of open access journals on the research community in Journal Citation Reports
Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
Science Editing.2021; 8(1): 32. CrossRef
- Scientific publishing in the Republic of Macedonia analysed with artificial intelligence
- Market share of the largest publishers in Journal Citation Reports based on journal price and article processing charge
- Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
- Sci Ed. 2020;7(2):149-155. Published online August 20, 2020
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.210
- 9,807 View
- 288 Download
- 14 Web of Science
- 15 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF
- Purpose
There are growing questions about the market share of the largest publishers. Although evaluations based on Journal Citation Reports (JCR) are important, librarians are more interested in journal costs. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of estimating the market share of the largest publishers listed in JCR using the journal subscription price (journal price) and article processing charge (APC). Methods: The top 10 publishers were selected based on six indicators in JCR 2014 to 2018, and then their journal prices and APCs were investigated according to list prices. Other prior studies were also compared to estimate their market share more realistically because list and actual prices are not identical. Results: The estimated average price of subscription journals in JCR was 2,300 US dollars and the average APC for an article was 2,652 US dollars. The APC per article was more expensive than the average journal price. Based on journal price and APC, the market influence of the top three publishers was 48.0%, but their market share was estimated to be 55.2% when annual reports and other studies were combined with this study. The difference was due to Elsevier’s journal costs, as Elsevier’s market share was higher than its market influence. Conclusion: APCs require additional budgetary resources from institutions, but are another revenue source for publishers. Librarians need to reflect APC spending in journal subscription negotiations with the largest publishers. To clarify the market share more accurately, it is necessary to share information on subscription and APC costs paid by institutions. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Choice of Open Access in Elsevier Hybrid Journals
Sumiko Asai
Publishing Research Quarterly.2024; 40(1): 1. CrossRef - Determinants of article processing charges for hybrid and gold open access journals
Sumiko Asai
Information Discovery and Delivery.2023; 51(2): 121. CrossRef - Publishing trends of journals and articles in Journal Citation Reports during the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study
Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
Science Editing.2023; 10(1): 78. CrossRef - Books under threat: Open access publishing and the neo‐liberal academy
Matthew Gandy
Area.2023; 55(4): 565. CrossRef - Article processing charges for open access journal publishing: A review
Ángel Borrego
Learned Publishing.2023; 36(3): 359. CrossRef - Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine: Annual Update on Bibliometric Indicators Including Scopus Quartile (Q3)
Alexader A. Mzhelsky
Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 22(4): 8. CrossRef - Changes in article share and growth by publisher and access type in Journal Citation Reports 2016, 2018, and 2020
Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
Science Editing.2022; 9(1): 30. CrossRef - Should open access lead to closed research? The trends towards paying to perform research
Lin Zhang, Yahui Wei, Ying Huang, Gunnar Sivertsen
Scientometrics.2022; 127(12): 7653. CrossRef - Factors, components and dynamics: investigation of journal self-citation and citation by equal opportunity model
Yangping Zhou
Heliyon.2022; : e10292. CrossRef - Creating shared value: A bibliometric review of organizational learning and corporate entrepreneurship
Hardjanto Nusantoro, Erna Maulina, Anang Muftiadi, Margo Purnomo
Corporate Law and Governance Review.2022; 4(1): 54. CrossRef - Factors, Components and Dynamics: Investigation of Journal Self-Citation and Citation by Equal Opportunity Model
Yangping Zhou
SSRN Electronic Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Influence of open access journals on the research community in Journal Citation Reports
Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
Science Editing.2021; 8(1): 32. CrossRef - Open access status of journals and articles in Journal Citation Reports
Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
Science Editing.2021; 8(1): 26. CrossRef - Collaboration between research institutes and large and small publishers for publishing open access journals
Sumiko Asai
Scientometrics.2021; 126(6): 5245. CrossRef - Self-citation and citation of top journal publishers and their interpretation in the journal-discipline context
Yangping Zhou
Scientometrics.2021; 126(7): 6013. CrossRef
- Choice of Open Access in Elsevier Hybrid Journals
- Influence of the top 10 journal publishers listed in Journal Citation Reports based on six indicators
- Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
- Sci Ed. 2020;7(2):142-148. Published online August 20, 2020
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.209
- 7,995 View
- 219 Download
- 9 Web of Science
- 10 Crossref
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Abstract
PDFSupplementary Material
- Purpose
: An accurate evaluation of the influence of the largest publishers in world journal publishing is a starting point for negotiating journal subscriptions and an important issue for research libraries. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of the largest publishers based on Journal Citation Reports (JCR) indicators.
Methods
From JCR 2014 to 2018 data, a unique journal list by publisher was created in Excel. The top 10 publishers were selected and evaluated in terms of the average share of six JCR indicators including the impact factor, Eigenfactor score, and article influence score, along with the number of journals, articles, and citations.
Results
The top three publishers accounted for about 50% of the JCR indicators, the top five for 60%, and the top 10 for 70%. Therefore, the concentration of the top three publishers, with a share exceeding 50% for five indicators, was more intensive than has been reported in previous studies. For the top 10 publishers, not only the number of journals and articles, but also citations and the impact factor, which reflect the practical use of journals, were increasing.
Conclusion
These evaluation results will be important to research libraries and librarians in deciding upon journal subscriptions using publisher information, to journal publishers trying to list their journals in JCR, and to consortium operators to negotiate strategically. Using the unique journal list created in this research process, various follow-up studies are possible. However, it is also urgent to build a standardized world journal list with accurate information. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Do Changes in Journal Rank Influence Publication Output? Evidence from China
Zhuanlan Sun, Chenwei Zhang, Ka Lok Pang, Ying Tang, Yiwei Li
Scientometrics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Publishing international library and information science journals: The changing landscape
Eungi Kim
Journal of Librarianship and Information Science.2023; 55(2): 478. CrossRef - Mobile computer-supported collaborative learning for mathematics: A scoping review
Rex P. Bringula, Francis Arlando L. Atienza
Education and Information Technologies.2023; 28(5): 4893. CrossRef - Publishing trends of journals and articles in Journal Citation Reports during the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study
Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
Science Editing.2023; 10(1): 78. CrossRef - Changes in article share and growth by publisher and access type in Journal Citation Reports 2016, 2018, and 2020
Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
Science Editing.2022; 9(1): 30. CrossRef - Factors, Components and Dynamics: Investigation of Journal Self-Citation and Citation by Equal Opportunity Model
Yangping Zhou
SSRN Electronic Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Open access status of journals and articles in Journal Citation Reports
Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
Science Editing.2021; 8(1): 26. CrossRef - Influence of open access journals on the research community in Journal Citation Reports
Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
Science Editing.2021; 8(1): 32. CrossRef - Self-citation and citation of top journal publishers and their interpretation in the journal-discipline context
Yangping Zhou
Scientometrics.2021; 126(7): 6013. CrossRef - Market share of the largest publishers in Journal Citation Reports based on journal price and article processing charge
Sang-Jun Kim, Kay Sook Park
Science Editing.2020; 7(2): 149. CrossRef
- Do Changes in Journal Rank Influence Publication Output? Evidence from China
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